피지의 쿠데타 정치: 다인종민주주의 = 인종국수주의의 진자(진子)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper seeks to explain why coups have been a recurring phenomenon over the last 20 years in Fiji. It is shown that the 96 years of British colonial rule divided Fiji`s people along racial lines-Fijians, Indo-Fijians, Europeans, Chinese and Pacific Islanders giving them separate political representation and rights and privileges. With independence there was an ethnic capture of the state by an indigenous chiefly oligarchy which was supported by Europeans and upwardly mobile indigenous Fijian middle class. This group ruled the country from 1970 to 1987 when the ruling Alliance Party was defeated in the general election by the newly formed working class-based Fiji Labour Party and the Indo-Fijian farmer-supported National Federation Party. The established status quo utilized the almost ethnically exclusive Fijian military to overthrow the democratically-elected government. Subsequently, coups in October 1987 and May, 2000 also galvanized support for ethno-nationalist capture of the state. Over 140,000 Fiji citizens, mainly of Indian origins, migrated from the country because of their growing sense of insecurity. The 5 December, 2006 coup, however, appears to reflect a fragmentation in the ruling elite of chiefs and the indigenous middle class. The governments of Prime Minister Lasenia Qarase which owed their origins to Qarase`s installation as Prime Minister following the 2000 coup sought to pardon ethno-nationalists responsible for creating political unrest and the eventual overthrow of the Fiji Labour Party-led government, and also acted to marginalize formerly powerful chiefly lineages. Qarase emboldened by his electoral victory in the 2006 general election engaged in brinkmanship with the Commander of the Fiji military forces, Frank Bainimarama, which led to his overthrow. Unlike the previous coups there was no targeting of a racial group by the coup-makers, instead the rhetoric of the post-coup regime was for common national identity and multiracialism.

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