황색 포도상구균의 장독소가 비점막 섬모운동에 미치는 영향 = Effects of Enterotoxins of Staphylococcus Aureus on Ciliary Activity of the Nasal Mucosa

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Background and Objectives：The pathogenesis of paranasal sinusitis has not been fully understood. The role of staphylococcal enterotoxins in the development of the paranasal sinusitis has recently been identified. The aim of the study is to investigate the in vitro effects of enterotoxin of Staphylococcus aureus on ciliary activity of the nasal mucosa and its in vivo activity on histology of sinus mucosa. Materials and Method：Maxillary sinus mucosa of the rabbit is harvested and prepared. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of the mucosa is observed in the culture media containing staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). After direct instillation of SEA into the maxillary sinus, CBF and the histological finding of the maxillary sinus mucosa are examined. Results：After exposure to low dose enterotoxin (0.03 or 0.3 ng/ml of SEA), CBF did not decrease. But, after exposure to high dose enterotoxin (1.5, 3, 30 ng/ml of SEA), CBF decreased significantly as a function of time. Twenty four hours after instillation of high dose (30 ng/ml) SEA, CBF decreased. Seven days after instillation of high dose SEA, sinusitis is observed. After instillation of low dose (0.3 ng/ml) SEA, CBF and epithelial integrity is not affected. But, subepithelial edema and the infiltration of inflammatory cells are observed. Conclusion：The induction of sinusitis with high dose SEA may be related to the ciliostatic effect of staphylococcal enterotoxin. But, low dose staphylococcal enterotoxin can induce sinus inflammation without ciliostatic effect.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "et al. Presence and characterization of sensitization to staphylococcalenterotoxins in patients with allergic rhinitis." 417-21, 2001

2 "et al. Effectsof beta-toxin of Staphylococcus aureus on ciliary activity of nasalepithelial cells." 2085-8, 2000

3 "et al. Effectsof alpha-toxin of Staphylococcus aureus on the ciliary activity andultrastructure of human nasal ciliated epithelial cells." 2021-4, 1999

4 "et al. Allergic inflammation enhances bacterial sinusitis in mice." 424-9, 2001

5 "Verbrugh H. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcusaureus" 505-20, 1997

6 "The effectsof ostium reopening and stress on the recovery of maxillary mucosallesion in rabbits with maxillary sinusitis." 143-50, 2004

7 "Staphylococcal enterotoxins." 1-10, 2000

8 "Park CI. An experimental study on the change of sinusmucosa with obstruction of the natural ostium. Korean J Otolaryngol1989" 35-9,

9 "Nakai Y. Reduced ciliary action in chronic sinusitis. ActaOtolaryngol Suppl 1983" 3-9,

10 "McCaffrey TV. The correlation between ciliary ultrastructureand ciliary beat frequency in experimental chronic sinusitis." 317-23, 1998

11 "McCaffrey TV. Signal transductionmechanisms in substance P-mediated ciliostimulation." 582-8, 1995

12 "McCaffrey TV. Mucociliary clearance in experimentalchronic sinusitis." 271-9, 1996

13 "Makishima K. Relationship ofnasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus to pathogenesis of perennialallergic rhinitis" 449-54, 2000

14 "Imoto T. Ciliaryactivity in patients with nasal allergies. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1985" taka (taka): 141-7,

15 "Hadley J. The microbiology of chronic rhinosinusitis" 143-5, 2001

16 "Dryja D.A superantigen hypothesis for the pathogenesis of chronic hyperplasticsinusitis with massive nasal polyposis." 321-6, 2003

17 "Directional disorder ofciliary metachronal waves using two-dimensional correlation map." 269-73, 2002

18 "Chang SO. The effect of ostialopening on experimental maxillary sinusitis in rabbits. Rhinology1993" 101-5,

19 "Bergdoll MS. Estimation ofhuman dose of staphylococcal enterotoxin A from a large outbreak ofstaphylococcal food poisoning involving chocolate milk. Int J FoodMicrobiol 1988" 311-6,

20 "Acute sinusitis." 14-20, 1995