Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Chemical Reaction Coupled with Other Interfacial Reaction Such as Charge Transfer by Electron, Coligative Dissolution and Fine Dispersion: A Focus on Distinction between Chemical and Electrochemical Equilibria

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article involves a unified treatment of equilibrium thermodynamics of the chemical
reaction coupled with other interfacial (phase boundary) reactions. The modified (restrictive)
chemical potential μ+
k , such as electrochemical potential, hydrostatic-chemical (mechanochemical)
potential (exceptionally in the presence of the pressure difference) and surface-chemical potential,
was first introduced under the isothermal and isobaric conditions. This article then enlightened
the equilibrium conditions in case where the release of chemical energy is counterbalanced by
the supply of electrical energy, by the supply of hydrostatic work (exceptionally in the presence
of Δp), and finally by the release of surface energy, respectively, at constant temperature T and
pressure p in terms of the modified chemical potential μ+
k . Finally, this paper focussed on the
difference between chemical and electrochemical equilibria based upon the fundamentals of the
isothermal and isobaric equilibrium conditions described above

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