Exposure to low concentrations of mycotoxins triggers unique responses from the pig gut microbiome = Exposure to low concentrations of mycotoxins triggers unique responses from the pig gut microbiome

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aim of this study is to investigate how the gut microbiome shifts when pigs were exposed with low concentrations of mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) in feed. Fifteen of pigs, 15 kg in weight which were negative for PRRSV and PCV2 were purchased, acclimatized until 20 kg in weight, and randomly divided into 3 groups; the DON group (DON treated), the ZEN group (ZEN treated) and the CTL (untreated negative control). DON and ZEN administered to each group for 30 days at 0.8 mg/kg (800 ppb) and 0.20 mg/kg (200 ppb) in feed, respectively. After extraction of microbial DNA from intestine and fecal samples, sequencing procedures were performed in the Ion PGM using an Ion 316 V2 chip and Ion PGM sequencing 400 kit. The results suggested that the bacterial communities in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of the DON and ZEN groups presented low-abundant OTUs compared with the CTL group. OTUs in cecum, colon and feces were determined more than in small intestine of all three groups. However, the CTL group yielded more OTUs than other two groups in inter-group comparison. It is not fully clarified how the richness and abundance in microbiome functions in the health condition of animals, however, the exposure to DON and ZEN has caused microbial population shifts representing microbial succession and changes following the diversity and abundance of porcine gut microbiome. The metabolomic analysis correlate with microbiome analysis is needed for further study.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Guerre P, "Worldwide Mycotoxins Exposure in Pig and Poultry Feed Formulations" 8 : 350-, 2016

2 Chang H, "The Occurrence of Zearalenone in South Korean Feedstuffs between 2009 and 2016" 9 : 223-, 2017

3 Döll S, "The Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol(DON)and zearalenone(ZON)in animal feeding" 102 : 132-145, 2011

4 Sforza S, "Recent advances in mycotoxin determination in food and feed by hyphenated chromatographic techniques/mass spectrometry" 25 : 54-76, 2006

5 Caporaso JG, "QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data" 7 : 335-336, 2010

6 Bennett JW, "Mycotoxins" 16 : 497-516, 2003

7 Karuppannan AK, "Lawsonia intracellularis : Revisiting the Disease Ecology and Control of This Fastidious Pathogen in Pigs" 5 : 181-, 2018

8 Pierron A, "Impact of two mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and fumonisin on pig intestinal health" 2 : 21-, 2016

9 Wache YJ, "Impact of deoxynivalenol on the intestinal microflora of pigs" 10 : 1-17, 2009

10 Hamady M, "Fast UniFrac : facilitating high-throughput phylogenetic analyses of microbial communities including analysis of pyrosequencing and PhyloChip data" 4 : 17-27, 2010

11 Burel C, "Effect of low dose of fumonisins on pig health : immune status, intestinal microbiota and sensitivity to Salmonella" 5 (5): 841-864, 2013

12 Toor D, "Dysbiosis Disrupts Gut Immune Homeostasis and Promotes Gastric Diseases" 20 : 2432-, 2019

13 McDonald D, "An improved Greengenes taxonomy with explicit ranks for ecological and evolutionary analyses of bacteria and archaea" 6 : 610-, 2012