This study is aimed at recognizing differences between leisure engagement and leisure flow based on sociodemographic characteristics of leisure sports participants, figuring out how leisure engagement influences leisure flow in order to find out relat...
This study is aimed at recognizing differences between leisure engagement and leisure flow based on sociodemographic characteristics of leisure sports participants, figuring out how leisure engagement influences leisure flow in order to find out relationships between leisure engagement and leisure flow, and therefore studying for these two factors which are significant factors in determining continuous participations of leisure sports.
The subjects of this study are male and female participants of leisure sport activities in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon area, 528 people in total. Method of this study is survey method, based on Young-Jae Kims(2012)’s 15 questions for measuring leisure engagement and Young-Jae Kim’s(2010)’s 30 questions for measuring leisure flow. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, using SPSS 20.0 ver programs to analyze differences in sociodemographic characteristics based on factors of leisure engagement and leisure flow. Moreover, in order to figure out relationships between leisure engagement and leisure flow of leisure sport participants, firstly Person correlation were confirmed, then Multiple Regression Analysis were carried out to verify the formation of relationships between two factors. The positive analysis of this study were all interpreted as statistically significant if significance level( p value) is p<0.5.
The conclusion based on data analysis using above procedures is following.
The results of hypothesis 1’s differences in leisure engagement and leisure flow based on sociodemographic characteristics of participants showed first, in differences of leisure engagement based on participants’ sex and the frequency of the participation, males had higher efficacy than females for differences in sub-factors of leisure engagement by participants’ sex, and differences in sub-factor of leisure engagement based on the frequency of the participation showed significant differences in absorption, dedication, and efficacy, except for vigor.
In absorption and dedication, 4 times or more/week participants were higher than 1 time/week participants, and in efficacy, 2~3 times/week participants and 4 times/week participants showed higher results than 1 time/week participants.
Furthermore, interaction effects between participants’ sex of leisure sports and frequency were only significant in vigor. Giving closer look to the vigor by participants’ sex and frequency, in 1 time/week participants and 2~3 times/week participants females showed higher vigor than males, and in 4 times or more/week participants males had higher vigor than females.
In differences of leisure flow based on participants’ sex of leisure sports and the frequency, males were higher in only 2 sub-factors of leisure flow, which are challenge skill balance and sense of control. In differences of sub-factors of leisure flow based on the frequency, 6 sub-factors except altered sense of time, which are clear goals, loss of self-consciousness, challenge skill balance, autotelic experience, immediate feedback, and sense of control, were higher; in clear goals, challenge skill balance and immediate feedback, 2~3 times/week participants and 4 times or more/week participants were higher than 1 time/week participants, in loss of self-consciousness, 1 time/week participants and 2~3 times/week participants were higher than 4 times or more/week participants, and in autotelic experience and sense of control, 4 times or more/week participants were higher than 1 time/week participants.
Moreover, interaction effects of leisure flow based on participants’s sex of leisure sports and the frequency were only significant in clear goals. Looking clear goals specifically based on interactions between participants’ sex and frequency, in 1 time/week participants, males showed higher clear goals than females, in 2~3 times/week participants, females showed clear goals than males, and in 4 times or more/week participants, males showed higher clear goals than females.
Second, in differences of leisure engagement based on leisure sport participants’ types of leisure sport participation and the frequency, group sports showed higher efficacy than individual sports, and in differences of sub-factors based on the frequency, 4 times or more/week participants showed higher absorption and dedication than 1 time/week participants, and 2~3 times/week participants and 4 times or more/week participants showed higher efficacy than 1 time/week participants. Moreover, in vigor there were significant results, but in Scheffe, there were no differences between 1 time/week participants, 2~3 times/week participants, and 4 times or more/week participants.
In differences of leisure flow based on participants’ types of leisure sport participations and the frequency, group sports showed higher altered sense of time and challenge skill balance than individual sports for differences of sub-factors based on types of participations, and vice versa for immediate feedbacks. In differences in sub-factors of leisure flow based on the frequency, 6 factors except altered sense of time, which are clear goals, loss of self-consciousness, challenge skill balance, autotelic experience, immediate feedback, and sense of control, showed significant differences.
In clear goals, challenge skill balance, and immediate feedbacks, 2~3 times/week participants and 4 times or more/week participants were higher than 1 time/week participants, and in loss of self-consciousness 4 times or more/week participants were higher than 1 time/week participants and 2~3 times/week participants. In autotelic experience and sense of control 4 times or more/week participants were higher than 1 time/week participants.
Based on the results that show hypothesis 2’s leisure engagement and leisure flow have correlation, the effects of hypothesis 3’s influence of leisure sport participants’ leisure engagement on the leisure flow were studied, and result was that 4 sub-factors of leisure engagement, which are absorption, efficacy, vigor, and dedication, were all statistically significantly influenced leisure flow.
The result of figuring out influences of leisure engagement factors on sub-fators of leisure flow was, first, all 4 sub-factors of leisure engagement(absorption, efficacy, vigor, dedication) statistically significantly influenced clear goals, altered sense of time, and autotelic experience. Second, absorption and efficacy, which are sub-factors of leisure engagement, statistically significantly influenced on the loss of self-consciousness and challenge skill balance, which are leisure flow’s sub-factors. Third, absorption, vigor, and dedication, which are the sub-factors of leisure engagement, statistically significantly influenced altered sense of time, which is the sub-factor of leisure flow. Fourth, absorption, efficacy, and dedication, sub-factors of leisure engagement, statistically significantly influenced on the immediate feedbacks, the sub-factor of leisure flow. Fifth, absorption, efficacy, and vigor, sub-factors of leisure engagement, statistically significantly influenced on the sense of control.
According to these results, leisure sport participants’ leisure engagement influenced on leisure flow statistically significantly in most cases. Based on this result, it can be concluded that leisure engagement positively influences on leisure flow.