성문 밖에서 고난 받으신 예수 그리스도 = 올란도 코스타스의 선교신학 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this article is to understand the mission theology of Orlando E. Costas(1942?1987). He was born in Puerto Rico, June 15, 1942 within a sincere Methodist family. When Costas was twelve his family immigrated to the United States and he experienced huge cultural differences, which affected him mostly in negative ways. He had three different conversions in his life. The first took place in 1957 during the Billy Graham`s New York Crusade and the second was the rediscovery of his Hispanic American cultural heritage. The last was his conversion to the World when he was a Latino pastor in Milwau- kee. Costas interpreted Jesus Christ from the ``underside`` of history and the witness of the biblical tradition. Then he examined a meaning of Christ from Galilee. The mission of Christ in Galilee demonstrates His identity, which was identified with the powerless and the oppressed. It implies that starting in the periphery or working from the bottom up can the good news of God`s Kingdom be clearly demonstrated and credibly announced as a message of liberation, justice and peace. The death of Jesus outside the gate implies a new place of salvation. He accomplished the salvation of whole creatures outside the sacred place, which was normally unclean for the Jewish people. The Lord invited His faithful people to go to him outside the camp, bearing the disgrace he bore. For Costas, the mission of God is no personal spiritualistic and non-historical action. Instead, it aims towards and realized in the concrete situation of the World. He argued that the mission of God is not only eschatological but also historical. It transforms human beings not only religiously but also socially, psychologically and culturally as well. When Christ accomplished this mission He did not consider equality with God, although Christ was being in very nature God. And He humbled himself and became obedient to death on a cross. Costas acknowledged the necessity and significance of the growth of Church, but he wanted to clear the reason of it. For him, Church growth is deeply related to the mission of God. And the Church growth is a penultimate goal of its mission but the ultimate is the hope of the final consummation of God`s kingdom. In this sense, Costas stressed that the church itself is a direct result of the missionary action of God`s mission, so all church members should participate in His mission as a faithful missional community.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 정승현, "하나님의 선교(The Missio Dei)와 선교적인 교회(The Missional Church)-빌링겐 IMC를 중심으로-" 선교와신학 (20) : 185 ~ 212, 2007

2 최동규, "올란도 코스타스의 통전적 교회성장론 연구" 선교신학 23 (23) : 235 ~ 260, 2010

3 정승현, "선교적 교회론의 과거, 현재 그리고 미래: GOCN 연구를 중심으로" 2010한국대회 논문집 6, 2011

4 구더, 대럴, "선교적 교회: 북미 교회의 파송을 위한 비전" 주안대학원대학교출판부, 2013

5 박창현, "선교의 목표로서의 하나님 나라 이해: 세상에 소망을 주는 기쁜 소식으로서의 하나님 나라" 한국기독교신학논총 (44) : 251 ~ 286, 2006

6 "로잔운동 홈페이지"

7 Costas, Orlando E., "Witnessing in a Divided World: Issue 1" International Review of Mission 72 (288) : 631 ~ 635, 1983

8 Costas, Orlando E., "The Whole World for the Whole Gospel" Missiology: An International Review 8 : 395 ~ 405, 1980

9 Costas, Orlando E., "The Mission of Ministry" Missiology: An International Review 14 : 463 ~ 472, 1986

10 Escobar, Samuel, "The Legacy of Orlando Costas" International Bulletin of Missionary Research 25 : 50 ~ 56, 2001

11 Costas, Orlando E., "The Integrity of Mission" Harper & Row, 1979

12 Costas, Orlando E., "The Church in New Frontiers for Missions" MARC : 223 ~ 234, 1983

13 Costas, Orlando E., "The Church and Its Mission : A Shattering Critique from the Third World" Tyndale House Publishers, 1974

14 Costas, Orlando E., "Sharing Jesus in the Two Thirds World" Partnership in Mission-Asia : 1 ~ 11, 1983

15 Costas, Orlando E., "One Faith, Many Cultures: Inculturation, Indigenization and Contextualization" Orbis Books : 136 ~ 144, 1988

16 Costas, Orlando E., "Missions and Theological Education in World Perspective" Associates of Urbanus : 81 ~ 112, 1984

17 Costas, Orlando E., "Mission Out of Affluence" Missiology: An International Review 1 : 405 ~ 423, 1973

18 Costas, Orlando E., "Liberating News: A Theology of Contextual Evangelization" Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2002

19 Costas, Orlando E., "Let the Earth Hear His Voice" World Wide Publications : 675 ~ 694, 1975

20 Costas, Orlando E., "Gospel and Culture" Eerdmans Publishing : 240 ~ 262, 1979

21 Costas, Orlando E., "Exploring Church Growth" Eerdmans Publishing : 95 ~ 107, 1983

22 Costas, Orlando E., "Educating for Missions" Broadman Press, 1981

23 Costas, Orlando E., "Doing Theology in Today’s World" Zondervan Publishing : 377 ~ 396, 1991

24 Costas, Orlando E., "Contemporary Ethical Issues in the Jewish and Christian Traditions" Ktav Publishing House : 205 ~ 229, 1986

25 Costas, Orlando E., "Conflict and Context: Hermeneutics in the Americas" Eerdmans Publishing : 311 ~ 323, 1986

26 "Conde-Frazier, Elizabeth"

27 Costas, Orlando E., "Churches in Evangelistic Partnership" The New Face of Evangelicalism: A Symposium on the Lausanne Covenant : 143 ~ 161, 1976

28 Costas, Orlando E., "Christ’s Lordship and Religious Pluralism" Orbis Books : 133 ~ 156, 1981

29 Costas, Orlando E., "Christ Outside the Gate : Mission Beyond Christendom" Orbis Books, 1982

30 Costas, Orlando E., "Change and Challenge: Maintaining the Mandate in the Christian World Mission" Board of International Ministries, American Baptist Churches : 11 ~ 30, 1983

31 Jeyaraj, Daniel, "Antioch Agenda: Essays on the Restorative Church in Honor of Orlando E. Costas" ISPCK, 2007