紅山文化 玉器에 나타난 ‘朝天’ 사상(2) = The ‘Jochun(朝天)’ idea in jade tools of Hungshan Culture(紅山文化) - focusing on ‘Two Ki(2氣)-shaped’, ‘Five Ki(5氣)-shaped’ and ‘Nine Ki(9氣)-shaped’ jade tools -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The essence of ‘Light Culture[Sun Culture, Park(밝) Culture]’, ancient culture of East Asia is the discipline aimed to be Chunson(天孫: a descendant of Heaven), the human who recovers their inner light, divinity. So ‘Light Culture’ can be called ‘Chunson Culture(天孫文化)’.
The basic theory of ‘Chunson Culture’ is the idea of ‘One-Three-Nine(一․三․九論)’, i.e. the idea of the five natural elements of the three dimensions(三元五行論). In this theory, it is considered that the substance of being is ‘One Ki氣’(or ‘Three Ki’) and the phenomena of being is ‘Nine Ki’(or ‘Five Ki’).
‘The idea of One-Three-Nine’ is not an empty and vague theory but concrete and practical world view. First, the trainee enlightens his divinity, through disciplines[Sungtong(性通), enlightenment]. Then the trainee embodies his enlightenments practically into the real world. [Kongwan(功完), social practice] Finally the trainee recurs to cosmic divinity(cosmic origin)[Jochun(朝天), recurrence to cosmic divinity or origin]
During Hankook(桓國), Baedalkook(倍達國) and Dangun Chosun(檀君朝鮮) period, ‘Chunson Culture’ had been developed gradually. In these process, the original form of ‘Chunson Culture’ had been formed in Baedalkook period.
The center areas of ‘Chunson Culture realm’ in Baedalkook period were about Manchuria, the Korean Peninsula, and Inner Mongolia. Especially the west areas of Ryo(遼) River were one of the most important areas of Baedalkook. The archeological designation of these areas in Baedalkook period is ‘Late Hungshan Culture(B.C.3500～B.C.3000)’.
In Baedalkook period, jade tools were the most important holy ritual tools. Many jade tools were made to symbolize ‘the idea of One-Three-Nine’ and to instruct ‘Sungtong→Kongwan→Jochun’ process of Chunson Culture.
In this thesis, ‘Five Ki(5氣)-shaped’ and ‘Nine Ki(9氣)-shaped’ jade tools among many kinds of jade tools were tooked out and analyzed. Also Yin and Yang Two Ki(2氣)-shaped’ jade tools were analyzed because the phenomena of being is just a interaction process of Yin and Yang Two Ki(2氣).

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 홍산문화의 ‘2氣’형 옥기와 그 전승
• Ⅲ. 홍산문화의 ‘5氣’형 옥기와 그 전승
• Ⅳ. 홍산문화의 ‘9氣’형 옥기와 그 전승
• Ⅳ. 맺음말
• [Abstract]

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