釜山圈 人口再分布에 관한 硏究

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate into population characteristics, migration trend, and migrants characteristics, in the region of Pusan and KyongNam province. Some of the findings can be summarized as follow :
First, while population of Pusan has rapidly increased since 1966, its rate of increase has recently slowed down to the national average. This indicates that recent population increase in Pusan is fueled more by natural increase than social increase. It is obvious from this that rate of population increase in the surrounding region of Pusan has been steadily going up.
Second, if we look at the population increase in Pusan region in more detail, population has been increasing in newly developed administrative units called “Ku” and newly industrialized areas surrounding Pusan, while decreasing in central city and surrounding rural area, “Myon.”
Third, age-group gender compositions of Pusan and KyongNam population are different, and this difference is thought to be due to a difference in industrial structure of Pusan and KyongNam.
Fourth, for population composition of Pusan, while the ratio of economically active age groups and children and low teen age groups to total population is relatively high, the ratio of young male is low, compared to that of all cities. Age group composition is constantly changing due to fluctuation in migration and birth rate, and thus, population composition will change, resembling more like that of advanced countries.
Fifth, in-migration into Pusan has been decreasing and intra-city movement has been increasing. The ratio of migrants, whose origin is closer to Pusan, to total migrants is high. Among in-migrants, the ratio of age group of 25-34 is high for male, and that of 15-34 is high for female. Education level of in-migrants are substantially lower than the national average. The ratio of in-migrants employed in manufacturing to total in-migrants is high, compared to that of the nation, and this applies to KyongNam also. However, if you look at the gender difference, the ratio of female in-migrants employed in manufacturing is high in Pusan and that of male in-migrants is high in KyongNam. This difference is apparently due to a difference in industrial structure of Pusan and Kyong-Nam.
Sixth, intra-city movement is mainly caused by housing filtering process and dissatisfaction with current dwelling and neighborhood area. In contrast, movement in the surrounding region of Pusan is mainly due to inconveniences caused by lack of education for children, services and other amenities. However, it is found that, despite of dissatisfaction, most residents are strongly attached to their neighborhood and region. From this we can easily conclude that further improvement in the quality of living environment will discourage migration and movement.
All these findings point out that the lack of urban development in Pusan causes avoidable intra-city movements and that worsening economic base of Pusan contributes to increasing number of in-migrants with lower social and economic position. Especially this latter finding contradicts the established “push-pull” model of migration, in which the destination usually pulls in productive population, leaving unproductive population at the origin.