해양도시 수변공간의 활성화를 위한 건축계획적 특성에 관한 연구 : 해양도시 수변공간 사례분석을 중심으로 = A study on architectural planning characteristics revitalizing waterfront spaces in marine cities

국문 초록 (Abstract)

최근 국내에서는 부산시, 인천시, 창원시, 새만금 등의 해양도시들을 중심으로 도시 수변공간을 시민들을 위한 복합 커뮤니티 친수공간으로 조성하여 도시의 활성화를 도모하고자 수변공간 조성을 적극적으로 추진하고 있는 추세이다. 본 연구는 해양도시 수변공간 개발계획의 주요한 구성요소와 특성에 주목하여 이러한 다양한 구성요소 및 계획특성들을 건축계획적 관점에서 바라보고 분석함으로써 수변공간의 공간체계에서 이러한 계획특성들이 어떻게 나타나는지에 대한 연구와 함께 방향성을 제시하고자 접근하였다. 해양도시의 수변공간을 활성화하기 위해서는 거시적인 도시계획적 프로그램에 따른 구체적인 건축계획 프로그램들이 반드시 병행되어야 할 필요성이 있기 때문이다. 이러한 배경하에 본 연구에서는 선행연구를 통하여 수변공간에 대한 이론적 고찰과 함께 기존의 해양도시 수변공간 개발에 따른 도시계획적 관점보다는 건축계획적 관점으로 범위를 좀 더 한정하여 수변공간을 형성하는 건축물과 외부공간들이 어떠한 특성과 요소들을 가지고 계획되어져야 하는가를 사례분석을 통하여 분류하였다. 이를 위해, 선행연구 및 문헌 등에서 성공사례로 검증되고 평가되는 독일 함부르크 하펜시티와 일본 요코하마 미나토미라이21. 미국 메릴랜드주 볼티모어 이너하버. 네덜란드 암스텔담 이스턴도크랜드를 분석하였다. 그리고, 사례분석을 위하여 건축계획적 측면의 분석틀을 설정하였으며, 설정된 분석틀에 따라 수변공간의 건축계획적 특성을 도출하고 비교 분석하고자 건축물과 외부공간으로 구분하였다. 건축물에서는 건물 배치계획, 외부 형태계획으로 구분하였으며, 건물 배치계획에서는 수변 인근블록과 내부블록, 대지내 배치계획으로 구분하였으며, 외관 형태계획에서는 건물 입면계획과 높이 및 매스, 스카이라인 계획으로 구분하였다. 외부공간계획에서는 가로공간계획과 오픈스페이스 계획으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 분석의 방법은 다이어그램을 통한 도해적인 분석을 이용하여 연구를 진행하였으며, 분석결과에 따라 해양도시 수변공간의 계획방향을 제시하였다.
분석결과 배치계획의 경우 공통적으로 수변을 향하여 배치되는 건물 입면의 장축을 수변으로 향하도록 하여 최대한 시각적 조망 확보를 할 수 있는 배치방식을 적용하고 있다. 외관형태 계획에서는 4개도시 수변공간은 확실한 차이점을 보이고 있는데, 하펜시티와 이스턴도크랜드에서는 인근 기존 도심과의 스카이라인 및 경관적인 연속성을 유지하기 위하여 일부 랜드마크 건축물을 제외한 모든 건물의 높이를 엄격히 제한하여 수변공간의 건물을 조성하도록 하였다.
이와 달리 미나토미라이21과 볼티모어이너하버에서는 개별 블록별로 건물높이를 지정함으로써 수변으로부터 기존 원도심 방향으로 자연스럽게 건물 높이가 증가하도록 하여 스카이라인을 형성하도록 하였다.
외부공간계획에서는 사례지역 모두 보행공간을 확보하기 위한 가로공간계획을 적극적으로 조성하고 있으며, 볼티모어이너하버의 경우는 수변공간에 대한 소유권을 볼티모어시가 가지도록 함으로써 수변공간에 대한 공공성을 유지하도록 하였으며, 이스턴도크랜드는 토지의 소유권은 시에서 소유하며 건물만 분양하는 공공토지임대제를 기반으로 공공공간에 대한 공공성을 유지하도록 하였다.
하지만, 시간적, 공간적 한계로 선행연구와 문헌 조사에 국한되어 실질적 도시별 지역적 특성 등을 조사하는데 한계가 있었으며, 계획특성 분석에 따른 기본적인 계획방향의 경우에도 이를 객관화 시켜 사회적 공감대를 형성할 수 있는 전문가들과의 심도 있는 논의과정이나 의견수렴과정은 충분하지 못하였다.
따라서, 향후에는 도시 수변공간에서 나타나는 계획특성들을 좀 더 다양한 관점에서 바라보고 지속적인 피드백을 통하여 연구의 완성도를 높여 발전시켜 나간다면, 아름다운 해양도시 수변공간의 형성 및 보전에 단단한 초석이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

주요어 : 해양도시, 수변공간, 공간활성화, 건축계획적 특성,

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• Ⅰ. 서론 ·················································································· 1
• 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 ···························································· 1
• 1.1 연구의 배경 ·································································· 1
• 1.2 연구의 목적 ·································································· 3
• 2. 연구의 범위 및 방법 ···························································· 5
• 2.1 연구의 범위 ·································································· 5
• 2.2 연구의 방법 ·································································· 7
• Ⅱ. 이론적 고찰 ··················································· 9
• 1. 도시 수변공간의 개념과 개발유형 ············································ 9
• 1.1 수변공간의 개념 ····························································· 9
• 1.2 수변공간의 역할 및 구성요소 ············································ 19
• 1.3 도시 수변공간의 개발유형 ················································ 26
• 2. 도시 수변공간의 계획특성 ···················································· 31
• 2.1 도시 수변공간의 어메니티 ················································ 31
• 2.2 도시 수변공간의 공공성 ··················································· 42
• 2.3 도시 수변공간의 계획요소 ················································ 44
• Ⅲ. 국내 해양도시 수변공간의 현황 및 특성····················· 51
• 1. 부산 북항 항만 재개발 ························································ 51
• 1.1 개발개요 및 추진현황 ····················································· 51
• 1.2 개발계획 개념 및 주요특성 ··············································· 56
• 2. 인천 내항 1·8부두 재개발 ···················································· 61
• 2.1 개발개요 및 추진현황 ····················································· 61
• 2.2 개발계획 개념 및 주요특성 ··············································· 67
• 3. 창원 수변공간 재개발 ························································· 74
• 3.1 개발개요 및 추진현황 ····················································· 74
• 3.2 개발계획 개념 및 주요특성 ··············································· 87
• Ⅳ. 해양도시 수변공간의 분석틀 설정 ··························· 93
• 1. 분석체계의 설정································································· 93
• 1.1 분석의 방법 ································································· 93
• 1.2 분석틀 설정 ································································ 101
• 2. 분석대상 선정 ································································· 103
• 2.1 분석대상 선정기준 ························································ 103
• 2.2 분석대상 개요 및 입지특성 ·············································· 107
• Ⅴ. 해양도시 수변공간의 건축계획적 특성 분석 ·············· 126
• 1. 건축물 배치계획 분석························································· 126
• 1.1 분석대상지 배치계획 분석················································ 126
• 1.2 세부요소별 배치계획 분석················································ 135
• 2. 외관형태계획 분석····························································· 147
• 2.1 분석대상지 외관형태계획 분석··········································· 147
• 2.2 세부요소별 외관형태계획 분석··········································· 154
• 3. 외부공간계획 분석····························································· 166
• 3.1 분석대상지 외부공간계획 분석··········································· 166
• 3.2 세부요소별 외부공간계획 분석··········································· 177
• 4. 분석종합 ········································································ 186
• Ⅵ. 해양도시 수변공간의 계획방향 ····························· 189
• 1. 계획방향 수립 프로세스······················································· 189
• 1.1 기본방향 및 추진전략 ···················································· 189
• 1.2 계획방향 개념 ····························································· 190
• 2. 해양도시 수변공간의 부문별 계획방향 ····································· 195
• 2.1 건축물 배치계획 ··························································· 195
• 2.2 외관형태계획 ······························································ 197
• 2.3 외부공간계획 ······························································ 202
• Ⅶ. 결 론 ························································· 206
• 참고문헌 ························································· 210
• Abstract ························································· 216