Optimized Zone Sizes and Headways for Flexible-Route Bus Services − A Two Zone Case

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Flexible-route bus services are preferable in areas with low travel demand, since they can reduce travel time and costs, as well as improve accessibility, especially for people who are elderly or have disabilities. A flexible-route bus system serving two arbitrarily shaped zones is studied here. Zone sizes and headways are jointly optimized to achieve minimum average cost per passenger-kilometer. Three types of demand are considered: 1) trips between a service zone and a central business district (CBD); 2) trips between service zones; 3) internal trips within zones. Both coordinated and uncoordinated operation are modeled and then compared in numerical examples. Sensitivity analyses show the need for restricting the minimum zone area if minimum service requirements must be satisfied. A three-step procedure is introduced to determine an appropriate lower bound.

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