Gene encoding PnFL-2 with TIFY and CCT motifs may control floral induction in Pharbitis nil

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A PnFL-2 gene is a single copy gene that was isolated from the flower-induced cotyledons of Pharbitis nil. The deduced amino acid sequence of the PnFL-2 includes two functional domains, a single TIFY (ZIM) motif and nuclear localization signal CCT motif. The TIFY family is a novel plant specific gene involved in the regulation of diverse plant specific biological process, such as development and responses to phytochrome,implying that PnFL-2 may play a role in the mechanism of flowering induction. Subcelluar localization analysis confirmed that PnFL-2 is localized in the nucleus. Expression of PnFL-2 was induced during 16h-long inductive night,whereas accumulation of its transcripts significantly abolished by night-break, completely eliminated flowering induction of Pharbitis nil. Accumulation of its induced PnFL-2 transcripts depends on tissue, such as the cotyledons and the leaves. To study its biological functions directly, we have characterized gain of function transgenic over-expression plants for PnFL-2in Arabidopsis. Transgenic plants that constitutively over-express PnFL-2 displayed slightly early flowering time under the long day condition as compare to those in wild type. These results indicate that PnFL-2 is potentially involved in the regulation of flowering induction in Pharbitis nil.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Xu Y, "Upregulation of a tonoplast-localizaed cytochrome P450 during petal senescence in Petunia inflata" 6 : 8-, 2006

2 Ono M, "Transient increase in the level of mRNA for a germin-like protein in leaves of the short-day plant Pharbitis during the photoperiodic induction of flowering" 37 : 855-861, 1996

3 Vanholme B, "The tify family previously known as ZIM" 12 : 239-244, 2007

4 Glazińska P, "The putative miR172 target gene InAPETALA2-like is involved in the photoperiodic flower induction of Ipomoea nil" 166 : 1801-1813, 2009

5 Huang T, "The mRNA of the Arabdiopsis gene FT moves from leaf to shoot apex and induces flowering" 309 : 1694-1696, 2005

6 Bernier G, "The control of floral evocation and morphogenesis" 39 : 175-219, 1988

7 Bateman A, "The Pfam protein families database" 30 : 276-280, 2002

8 Takada S, "Terminal flower 2, an Arabidopsis homolog of heterochromatin protein 1, counteracts the activation of flowering locus T by constans in the vascular tissue of leaves to regulate flowering time" 15 : 2856-2865, 2003

9 Hayama R, "Shedding light on the circadian clock and the photoperiodic control of flowering" 6 : 13-19, 2003

10 Zheng CC, "PnZIP is a novel mesophyll-specific cDNA that is regulated by phytochrome and a circadian rhythm and encodes a protein with a leucine zipper motif" 116 : 27-35, 1998

11 Zeevaart JAD, "Physiology of flower formation" 27 : 321-348, 1976

12 Bernier G, "Physiological signals that induce flowering" 5 : 1147-1155, 1993

13 Thomas B, "Photoperiodism in Plants, 2nd ed" Academic Press Inc 1997

14 Imamura S, "Photoperiodic induction and floral stimulus; In Physiology of Flowering in Pharbitis nil" Japanese Society of Plant Physiologist 15-28, 1967

15 Vince-Prue D, "Pharbitis nil. In: Handbook of Flowering" CRC press 47-81, 1985

16 White DW, "PEAPOD regulates lamina size and curvature in Arabidopsis" 103 : 13238-13243, 2006

17 Kim SJ, "Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a CONSTANS homologue, PnCOL1, from Pharbitis nil" 54 : 1879-1887, 2003

18 Major IT, "Molecular analysis of poplar defense against herbivory: comparison of wound- and insect elicitor-induced gene expression" 172 : 617-635, 2006

19 Sun CW, "Leaf-specific upregulation of chloroplast translocon genes by a CCT motif-containing protein, CIA2" 13 : 3053-2061, 2001

20 Robson F, "Jasmonate and phytochrome A signaling in Arabidopsis wound and shade responses are integrated through JAZ1 stability" 22 : 1143-1160, 2010

21 Liu J, "Isolation of a CONSTANS ortholog from Pharbitis nil and its role in flowering" 125 : 1821-1830, 2001

22 Wigge PA, "Integration of spatial and temporal information during floral induction in Arabidopsis" AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE 309 (309): 1056-1059, 2005

23 Tamaki S, "Hd3a protein is a mobile flowering signal in rice" 316 : 1033-1036, 2007

24 Merika M, "Functional synergy and physical interactions of the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 with the Krupel family proteins Sp1 and EKLF" 15 : 2437-2447, 1995

25 Clough SJ, "Floral dip: a simplified method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana" 16 : 735-743, 1998

26 Corbesier L, "FT protein movement contributes to long-distance signaling in floral induction of Arabidopsis" 316 : 1030-1033, 2007

27 Lin MK, "FLOWERING LOCUS T protein may act as the long-distance florigenic signal in the cucurbits" 19 : 1488-11506, 2007

28 Pepper AE, "Extragenic suppressor of the Arabidopsis det1 mutant identify elements of flowering-time and light-response regulatory pathways" 145 : 1125-1137, 1997

29 Rogers SO, "Extraction of DNA from plant tissues. In: Plant Molecular Biology Manual" Kluwer Academic Publishers 1-10, 1988

30 Grunewald W, "Expression of the Arabidopsis jasmonate signalling repressor JAZ1/TIFY10A is stimulated by auxin" 10 : 923-928, 2009

31 Samach A, "Distinct roles of CONSTANS target genes in reproductive development of Arabidopsis" 288 : 1613-1616, 2000

32 O'Neill SD, "Dark and circadian regulation of mRNA accumulation in the short-day plant Pharbitis nil" 104 : 569-580, 1994

33 "DNA gyrase is involved in chloroplast nucleoid partitioning" 16 (16): 2665-2682, 200401

34 Strayer C, "Cloning of the Arabidopsis clock gene TOC1, an autoregulatory response regulator homolog" 289 : 768-771, 2000

35 Millar AJ, "Circadian control of cab gene transcription and mRNA accumulation in Arabidopsis" 3 : 541-550, 1991

36 Nishii A, "Characterization of a novel gene encoding a putative single zinc-finger protein, ZIM, expressed during the reproductive phase in Arabidopsis thaliana" 64 : 1402-1409, 2000

37 Shikata M, "Characterization of Arabidopsis ZIM, a member of a novel plant-specific GATA factor gene family" 55 : 631-639, 2004

38 An H, "CONSTANS acts in the phloem to regulate a systemic signal that induces photoperiodic flowering of Arabidopsis" 131 : 3615-3626, 2004

39 Bassett CL, "Alternative transcript initiation and novel post-transcriptional processing of a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase gene that responds to short-day photoperiodic floral induction in morning glory (Ipomoea nil)" 43 : 43-58, 2000

40 Hayama R, "Adaptation of photoperiodic control pathways produces short-day flowering in rice" 422 : 719-722, 2003

41 Sage-Ono K, "Accumulation of a clock-regulated transcript during flower-inductive darkness in Pharbitis nil" 116 : 1479-1485, 1998

42 Bernier G, "A physiological overview of the genetics of flowering time control" 3 : 3-16, 2005

43 Xiang C, "A mini binary vector series for plant transformation" 40 : 711-717, 1999

44 Hayama R, "A circadian rhythm set by dusk determines the expression of FT homologs and the short-day photoperiodic flowering response in Pharbitis" 19 : 2988-3000, 2007