A Deeply Rooted Tree Grows in Manhattan : Issues of Identity in New York City’s 1990s Folk Scenes = 맨해튼에서 자라난 뿌리 깊은 나무: 1990년대 뉴욕 포크 씬과 정체성의 문제

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the Spring 2016, Volume 20, Number 1 issue of the Journal of Ewha Music Research Institute, I published an article entitled, “Digging up the Roots: Understanding what is meant by the term ‘Folk Music.’” In that article, I elucidated various opinions and arguments regarding the question “What is Folk Music?” This article further investigates that question by comparing and contrasting the dynamics of two starkly different folk music scenes (Fast Folk and the Anti-Folk) in New York City in the mid-1990s. This article will look more closely at the ideological and sonic divide between these two groups beginning with a brief history of each in order to understand their existence and the distinction/similarities between them. The second section deals with the identity of the groups and how their identity and image is perpetuated by the physical location and décor of the venues, the differences generated by a folk vs. a punk heritage, and the demographics of the performers and audience members.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

나는 『이화음악논집』 20집 1호(2016년 봄)에 “뿌리를 찾아서: ‘포크 뮤직’의 의미 이해하기”라는 제목의 글을 게재한 바 있다. 그 글에서는, “포크 뮤직이란 무엇인가?”라는 질문을 둘러싼 다양한 견해와 논의들을 소개했다. 이 글에서는, 1990년대 중반 뉴욕 포크 뮤직 씬에 공존했던 두 개의 전혀 다른 포크 뮤직(패스트 포크와 안티 포크) 사이의 역학을 비교･대조함으로써 이 문제를 보다 깊이 고찰한다. 먼저 이 두 그룹의 존재양태와 둘 사이의 차이점/공통점을 이해하기 위해 짧은 역사를 돌아봄으로써, 두 그룹 사이의 이데올로기적･음향적 구분을 좀 더 세밀하게 살펴볼 것이다. 다음으로는, 이 그룹들의 정체성을 다루고, 그들의 정체성과 이미지가 장소라는 물리적 위치와 환경에 의해 어떻게 영속되는지를 살펴보고, 포크에 기반한 그룹과 펑크에 기반한 그룹 간의 차이, 그리고 각 그룹의 연주자와 청중의 구성을 살펴볼 것이다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. A Briedf History of the Fast Folk and the Anti-Folk
• 1. Fast Folk
• 2. Anti-Folk
• Ⅱ. Issues of Identity
• 1. A Sense of Community
• 2. Location, Décor and Atmosphere
• 3. Jack Hardy and Lach
• Bibliography
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Meyer, Richard, "What’s in a Decade?" 6 (6): 2-, 1992

2 Bronson, B.H., "The Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council" 167-169, 1970

3 Hardy, Jack, "The Folk Revival" 1 (1): 2-, 1984

4 Frith, Simon, "Taking Popular Music Seriously: Selected Essays" Ashgate Publishing 1981

5 "Sharar, Linda. Interview. February 8, 1995"

6 "Seitz, David. Interview. March 1, 1995"

7 "Russett, Lucia. Interview. March 2, 1995"

8 Walser, Robert, "Running with the Devil: Power, Gender and Madness in Heavy Metal Music" Wesleyan University Press 1993

9 "Opatow, Sandy. Interview. March 2, 1995"

10 Meyer, Richard, "On Being Ignored" 4 (4): 2-3, 1987

11 Blacking, John, "Music, Culture and Experience" University of Chicago Press 1995

12 "Meyer, Richard. Interviews. February 26 & 27, 1996"

13 "Meyer, Richard. Interview. March 21, 1996"

14 Blacking, John, "Making Artistic Popular Music: The Goal of True Folk" 1 : 9-14, 1981

15 Meyer, Richard, "Lost in the Works: A Brief History of Fast Folk’s Recording" 6 (6): 2-4, 1993

16 Meyer, Richard, "Looking Back and Around" 4 (4): 2-4, 1988

17 "Lach. Interview. February 23, 1996"

18 "Lach. Interview. April 8, 1996"

19 Redhead, Steve, "Have I the Right? Legitimacy, Authenticity and Community in Folk’s Politics" 8 (8): 177-184, 1989

20 "Hardy, Jack. Interviews. April 1995-May 1996"

21 "Bergman, Duane. Interview. March 7, 1996"

22 "Beckerman, Wendy. Interview. April 1, 1995"

23 Meyer, Richard, "An Interview with Jack Hardy: 1/18/91" 5 (5): 3-19, 1991

24 Frith, Simon, "'The Magic That Can Set You Free’: The Ideology of Folk and the Myth of the Rock Community" 1 : 159-168, 1981