Epigenetic characterization of the PBEF and TIMP-2 genes in the developing placentae of normal mice = Epigenetic characterization of the PBEF and TIMP-2 genes in the developing placentae of normal mice

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Reprogramming errors, which appear frequently in cloned animals, are reflected by aberrant gene expression. We previously reported the aberrant expression of TIMP-2 and PBEF in cloned placenta and differential expression of PBEF genes during pregnancy. To examine the epigenetic modifications that regulate dynamic gene expression in developing placentae, we herein analyzed the mRNA and protein expression levels of PBEF and TIMP-2 in the placentae of normal mice during pregnancy and then examined potential correlations with epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation pattern analysis revealed no difference, but ChIP assays using antibodies against H3-K9/K14 and H4-K5 histone acetylation revealed that the H3-K9/K14 acetylation levels, but not the H4-K5 acetylation levels, of the TIMP-2 and PBEF loci were significantly correlated with their gene expression levels during placentation in normal mice. These results suggest that epigenetic changes may regulate gene expression level in the developing placentae of normal mice and that inappropriate epigenetic reprogramming might be one cause of the abnormal placentae seen in cloned animals. [BMB reports 2011; 44(8): 535-540]

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Kohda, T, "in gene expression and aberrantly regulated chromosome regions in cloned mice" 73 : 1302-1311, 2005

2 한용만, "Typical demethylation events in cloned pig embryos - Clues on species-specific differences in epigenetic reprogramming of a cloned donor genome" AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC 276 (276): 39980-39984, 200110

3 Lederberg, J, "The meaning of epigenetics" 15 : 6-, 2001

4 Ognjanovic, S, "The effects of pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor on the human fetal membranes by microarray analysis" 189 : 1187-1195, 2003

5 Ohgane, J, "The Sall3 locus is an epigenetic hotspot of aberrant DNA methylation associated with placentomegaly of cloned mice" 9 : 253-260, 2004

6 Jones, R. L, "TGF-β superfamily expression and actions in the endometrium and placenta" 132 : 217-232, 2006

7 Kendal-Wright, C. E, "Stretching, mechanotransduction, and proinflammatory cytokines in the fetal membranes" 14 : 35-41, 2007

8 Kim, H. R, "Protein profiles of bovine placenta derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer" 5 : 4264-4273, 2005

9 Jia, S, H, "Pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor inhibits neutrophil apoptosis in experimental inflammation and clinical sepsis" 113 : 1318-1327, 2004

10 Tanaka, S, "Placentomegaly in cloned mouse concepti caused by expansion of the spongiotrophoblast layer" 65 : 1813-1821, 2001

11 Rideout, W. M, "Nuclear cloning and epigenetic reprogramming of the genome" 293 : 1093-1098, 2001

12 Walter, I, "Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor-2 of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-2) in the placenta and interplacental uterine wall in normal cows and in cattle with retention of fetal membranes" 22 : 473-483, 2000

13 Osmers, R. G, "Interleukin-8 synthesis and the onset of labor" 86 : 223-229, 1995

14 Stice, S. L, "Increasing cloning efficiencies requires a better understanding of developmental abnormalities and gene expression in manipulated embryos" 79 : 285-289, 2002

15 Wrenzycki, C, "Gene expression and methylation patterns in cloned embryos" 348 : 285-304, 2006

16 Ravelich, S. R, "Expression of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, TGF-beta3 and the receptors TGF-betaRI and TGF-betaRII in placentomes of artificially inseminated and nuclear transfer derived bovine pregnancies" 27 : 307-316, 2006

17 Tanaka, S. S, "Expression and localization of membrane type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT1-MMP) in trophoblast cells of cultured mouse blastocysts and ectoplacental cones" 19 : 41-48, 1998

18 Alexander, C. M, "Expression and function of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors at the maternal-embryonic boundary during mouse embryo implantation" 122 : 1723-1736, 1996

19 Isaka, K, "Expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 in human trophoblasts" 24 : 53-64, 2003

20 Humpherys, D, "Epigenetic instability in ES cells and cloned mice" 293 : 95-97, 2001

21 Edwards, J. L, "Cloning adult farm animals: a review of the possibilities and problems associated with somatic cell nuclear transfer" 50 : 113-123, 2003

22 Wooding, F. B, "Calcium transport and the localisation of calbindin- D9k in the ruminant placenta during the second half of pregnancy" 276 : 387-397, 1994

23 Livak, K. J, "Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T))" 25 : 402-408, 2001

24 Li, T, "Activating and silencing histone modifications form independent allelic switch regions in the imprinted Gnas gene" 13 : 741-750, 2004

25 Kim, H. R, "Abnormal Expression of TIMP-2, SOD, Vimentin and PAI proteins in Cloned Bovine Placentae" 44 : 714-717, 2009

26 Kim, H. R, "Aberrant protein expression in the placenta of cloned mouse derived from embryonic stem cell" 31 : 853-859, 2010

27 Millar, K, "A relaxin-mediated pathway to preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes that is independent of infection" 179 : 126-134, 1998