Development and Validation of a New Scale to Assess Attitudes and Perspectives Toward Persons With Disabilities

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objective To develop and validate a scale to assess people’s attitudes and perspectives toward persons with disabilities.
Methods The three-stage development of the scale included a preliminary version drafted from the literature review and a nominal group process. Thereafter, the draft was examined further and revised through two rounds of Delphi survey by 16 disability experts. Lastly, the psychometric properties of the scale were assessed through an online survey of 1,359 employees at three university hospitals.
Results A 32-item scale, defined after two Delphi surveys, was refined into 14 items with four subcategories: community integration, discomfort, charitability, and sense of burdening. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.839 and domain reliability from 0.638 to 0.845. Recent education on disabilities yielded more positive attitudes toward persons with disabilities. Meaningful acquaintances with disabilities yielded more positive attitudes toward persons with disabilities.
Conclusion This newly developed scale that measures attitudes toward persons with disability is reliable and valid. A future use of the scale could be to measure attitudinal improvements toward persons with disabilities after awareness education.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Stefan S, "Unequal rights: discrimination against people with mental disabilities and the Americans with Disabilities Act" American Psychological Association 2001

2 Eagly AH, "The psychology of attitudes" Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College 1993

3 Findler L, "The multidimensional attitudes scale toward persons with disabilities(MAS)construction and validation" 50 : 166-176, 2007

4 Berkay PJ, "The development of the opinions about deaf people scale : a scale to measure hearing adults’ beliefs about the capabilities of deaf adults" 55 : 105-114, 1995

5 Cowen EL, "The development and testing of an attitude to blindness scale" 48 : 297-304, 1958

6 Tsujita M, "The Japanese Multidimensional Attitudes Scale toward persons with autism spectrum disorders" 63 : 129-139, 2021

7 Gething L, "The Interaction with Disabled Persons Scale : a new Australian instrument to measure attitudes towards people with disabilities" 44 : 75-82, 1992

8 Siller J, "Structure of attitudes toward the physically disabled" New York University School of Education 1967

9 Yuker HE, "Research with the Attitude Toward Disabled Persons scales (ATDP): 1960-1985" Center for the Study of Attitudes Toward Persons with Disabilities, Hofstra University 1986

10 Soder M, "Prejudice or ambivalence? Attitudes toward persons with disabilities" 5 : 227-241, 1990

11 Tervo RC, "Medical students’ attitudes toward persons with disability : a comparative study" 83 : 1537-1542, 2002

12 Antonak RF, "Measurement of attitudes towards persons with disabilities" 22 : 211-224, 2000

13 Bowe FG, "Handicapping America: barriers to disabled people" Harper & Row 1978

14 Gamst GC, "Handbook of multicultural measures" Sage Publications 2011

15 Dachez J, "French validation of the Multidimensional Attitude Scale toward Persons with Disabilities(MAS) : the case of attitudes toward autism and their moderating factors" 45 : 2508-2518, 2015

16 Stevens LF, "Factor analysis of the Spanish Multidimensional Attitudes Scale toward Persons with Disabilities" 58 : 396-404, 2013

17 Chadd EH, "Disability attitudes in health care : a new scale instrument" 90 : 47-54, 2011

18 Symons A, "Development of an instrument to measure medical students’attitudes toward people with disabilities" 50 : 251-260, 2012

19 Cheatham LP, "Development and validation of the social worker’s attitudes toward disabil ity scale" 51 : 379-397, 2015

20 Antonak RF, "Development and psychometric analysis of the Scale of Attitudes toward Disabled Persons" University of New Hampshire 1981

21 Atkinson DR, "Counseling diverse populations" McGraw-Hill 2004

22 Yuker HE, "Contact with and attitudes toward persons with disabilities : the measurement of intergroup contact" 32 : 145-154, 1987

23 Peat M, "Attitudes and access : advancing the rights of people with disabilities" 156 : 657-659, 1997

24 Mitchell KR, "An investigation of the attitudes of medical students to physically disabled people" 18 : 21-23, 1984

25 Yelpaze I, "Adaptation and validation of Turkey version of multidimensional attitudes toward persons with disabilities" 8 : 167-187, 2018

26 Block JR, "A scale to measure attitude toward disabled persons" 14 : 351-352, 1959