고려시대 경남지역의 군현 편제와 지역문화 = Organizing the Gun-Hyeon(郡縣) System and the Local Culture of the Gyeongnam(慶南) Area in the Goryeo Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There were 9 main Eups(邑) where chiefs were dispatched and under their control 45 subsidiary Eups affiliated to main Eups in Geongnam area in the Goryeo dynasty. Among them Jinjumok, Hapju, Geumju, and Milseong-gun made their influence felt. They had already held the same status in the reorganization of Gun-Hyeon system in the King Gyeongdeok’s regime of the Shilla dynasty and they still maintained their position or got stronger power in the Goryeo dynasty.
On the contrary 8 regions such as Dongrae, Changyeong, Euian, Hadong, Gangseong, Haman, Geochang, and Hamyang had been main in the Shilla dynasty, and were reorganized into subsidiary Eups in the Goryeo dynasty. This was caused by the adoption of the wide area system in the Goryeo Gun-Hyeon organization, and also by the difference of ways how each region coped with in the social fluctuation in the late Shilla and the early Goryeo dynasty.
Meanwhile there were about 133 Bugoks(部曲) affiliated to 54 Guns and Hyeons in the Gyeongnam area of the Goryeo dynasty. In particular, 16 Bugoks belonged to Goseong-Hyeon, and even though it was main Eup, it had only Bugoks without any subsidiary Eups. In general many Bugoks were in the main Eups, but it was remarkable that Haman-Gun and Gonmyeong-Hyeon had many Bugoks even though both were subsidiary Eups.
Changes appeared in the Gun-Hyeon organizing system due to the internal and external reasons of social fluctuation in the Gyeongnam area of the Goryeo dynasty. There was a change that Guns and Hyeons of Geoje-Hyeon and Namhae-Hyeon were moved into another regions due to Sambyeolcho’s resistance and the Japanese invasion, and the status of Milseong-Gun was degraded into a lower rank, Bugok for a short while. In the meantime Gammus were dispatched to half of subsidiary Eups until the end of the Goryeo dynasty, which later formed the basis of independent administrative unit. Among them 6 Guns and Hyeonssuchas Euian-Hyeon, Happo-Hyeon, Haman-Hyeon, Cheongdo- Hyeon, and Chogye-Hyeon including Dongrae-Hyeon were raised to the status of main Eups. Their upgrade was indebted to those who performed meritorious military services for the subjugation of Japanese soldiers or those who played an active role in their native place as in Euian-Gun.
Cultural properties related to Buddhism exceed others among cultural heritage in the Gyeongnam area of the Goryeo dynasty in number. This proves that the Buddhist culture was leading the local culture of Gyeongnam. As for fortifications, the percentage of cultural properties related to castle walls and beacons was high. Mountain fortress walls including castle walls functioning as the seat of a provincial office existed in the Gyeongnam area of the Goryeo dynasty. In particular the region well-equipped with all kinds of defensive facilities including castle walls showed their true characteristics of the local culture as the Gyeongnam coastal area became an important strategic point as national defence line from the Japanese invasion in the end of the Goryeo dynasty.
The Gyeongnam local culture has formed and developed in the natural environment in harmony with mountains, rivers, fields, isles and seas accumulating the historical experience for a long time. The Gyeongnam area was not only the fore-front in wartime but also a passage into the outside world. In addition the area showed its independent and active posture to overcome the social conflicts when they got more deeply involved. Therefore, it is believed that hereafter the excavation and investigation of the local properties should be conducted based upon the identification of the Gyeongnam area after due consideration for the regional culture of the Gyeongnam area vividly reflects its local characteristics.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There were 9 main Eups(邑) where chiefs were dispatched and under their control 45 subsidiary Eups affiliated to main Eups in Geongnam area in the Goryeo dynasty. Among them Jinjumok, Hapju, Geumju, and Milseong-gun made their influence felt. They had already held the same status in the reorganization of Gun-Hyeon system in the King Gyeongdeok’s regime of the Shilla dynasty and they still maintained their position or got stronger power in the Goryeo dynasty.
On the contrary 8 regions such as Dongrae, Changyeong, Euian, Hadong, Gangseong, Haman, Geochang, and Hamyang had been main in the Shilla dynasty, and were reorganized into subsidiary Eups in the Goryeo dynasty. This was caused by the adoption of the wide area system in the Goryeo Gun-Hyeon organization, and also by the difference of ways how each region coped with in the social fluctuation in the late Shilla and the early Goryeo dynasty.
Meanwhile there were about 133 Bugoks(部曲) affiliated to 54 Guns and Hyeons in the Gyeongnam area of the Goryeo dynasty. In particular, 16 Bugoks belonged to Goseong-Hyeon, and even though it was main Eup, it had only Bugoks without any subsidiary Eups. In general many Bugoks were in the main Eups, but it was remarkable that Haman-Gun and Gonmyeong-Hyeon had many Bugoks even though both were subsidiary Eups.
Changes appeared in the Gun-Hyeon organizing system due to the internal and external reasons of social fluctuation in the Gyeongnam area of the Goryeo dynasty. There was a change that Guns and Hyeons of Geoje-Hyeon and Namhae-Hyeon were moved into another regions due to Sambyeolcho’s resistance and the Japanese invasion, and the status of Milseong-Gun was degraded into a lower rank, Bugok for a short while. In the meantime Gammus were dispatched to half of subsidiary Eups until the end of the Goryeo dynasty, which later formed the basis of independent administrative unit. Among them 6 Guns and Hyeonssuchas Euian-Hyeon, Happo-Hyeon, Haman-Hyeon, Cheongdo- Hyeon, and Chogye-Hyeon including Dongrae-Hyeon were raised to the status of main Eups. Their upgrade was indebted to those who performed meritorious military services for the subjugation of Japanese soldiers or those who played an active role in their native place as in Euian-Gun.
Cultural properties related to Buddhism exceed others among cultural heritage in the Gyeongnam area of the Goryeo dynasty in number. This proves that the Buddhist culture was leading the local culture of Gyeongnam. As for fortifications, the percentage of cultural properties related to castle walls and beacons was high. Mountain fortress walls including castle walls functioning as the seat of a provincial office existed in the Gyeongnam area of the Goryeo dynasty. In particular the region well-equipped with all kinds of defensive facilities including castle walls showed their true characteristics of the local culture as the Gyeongnam coastal area became an important strategic point as national defence line from the Japanese invasion in the end of the Goryeo dynasty.
The Gyeongnam local culture has formed and developed in the natural environment in harmony with mountains, rivers, fields, isles and seas accumulating the historical experience for a long time. The Gyeongnam area was not only the fore-front in wartime but also a passage into the outside world. In addition the area showed its independent and active posture to overcome the social conflicts when they got more deeply involved. Therefore, it is believed that hereafter the excavation and investigation of the local properties should be conducted based upon the identification of the Gyeongnam area after due consideration for the regional culture of the Gyeongnam area vividly reflects its local characteristics.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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