국가의 출산정책 = A Feminist Analysis of the State Policy on Birth Control

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study explores the aspects of sex-control of the state by means of family planning policies through case studies on decisive factors of contraception for rural women.
In this study, women's contraception was viewed in terms of sex-control, for preventing conception is closely related to sexual relationship, and a feminist analytic point of view-women should control their own body by themselves-was adopted as a theoretical framework.
The results of the analysis can be summarized as follows:
First, the national family planning policy formulated in the early 1960's was to curb population growth of the country and to accelerate economic growth. Here, the ability of parturition, women's child birth, has been consider as a hindering factor of nations' modernization, and women have been regarded as a the main target group for practicing contraception.
Second, a patriarchal family rule affecting delivery has been persisting, i.e. son preference or son-absolutism, for maintaining paternal line by traditional family ethos. Therefore, the critical factor for women's determination on contraception is related to when to stop childbearing rather than to controling intervals. Here, again, women are primarily treated as a producer of sons who will succeed the family line and as a tool for satisfying men's sexual desire. These are well internalized values in women as well as men.
Third, this existing structure of childbearing practices reflects both the harmony and contradiction between the state and the patriarchal family system. On the one hand, there is no conflict in son preference, but this often works against the state policy of lowering fertility. On the other, defining contraception only as women's job, the decision on contraception largely depends on women, not men. Forth, many women are suffering from physical and psychological burdens and pains, and the family planning policy does not suggest any countermeasures to the changes of women's life cycle caused by changes in childbearing pattern.
The above results suggest that women's decision of contraception in Korean rural areas is largely unvoluntary because women are almost forced by the national population control policy and by the structural pressure of human reproduction by the conventional family ethos and by the internalization of these concepts by women themselves.
Furthermore, it is suggested that the decision on contraception is a matter of the interests of the state and the family rather than that of women's interests. Although the contraception has a liberating factor incrementing the freedom of reproduction of women, it can be a handy means of sex-control in a patriarchal society.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론
• 2. 성통제 측면에서 본 국가 가족계획정책
• 3. 가족계획정책의 배경과 내용
• 3.1 정책의 배경
• 3.2 정책의 내용 및 집행과정
• 4. 정책의 결과 및 평가
• 4.1 인구증가 억제 정책
• 4.2 여성 편중적 정책
• 5. 결론
• 참고문헌
• 영문초록