Institutionalization for Improving Transparency in Korea = 한국에서의 투명성 제고를 위한 제도화의 결정 요인

국문 초록 (Abstract)

1987년의 민주주의 이행 이후 한국에서 투명성이 크게 신장되었다. 이 시기에 투명성 제고에 기여한 입법 사례로서‘금융실명제’,‘ 정보공개법’,‘ 행정절차법’,‘ 공직자 재산등록제’를 들 수 있다. 이 네 사례의 제도화 과정을 경험적으로 분석한 결과 모두에서 민주화가 가장 중요한 촉진 요인으로 작용한 거시적 요인이었음이 입증되었다. 민주주의 이행과 공고화에 따라 정부행정과 공공정책에 대한‘알 권리’에 대한 국민들의 가치관 변화와 요구 증폭이 이루어졌으며, 시민사회 및 전문가 집단의 개혁운동이 활성화되었다. 이 시기에 심화된 정보화와 전지구화도 한국에서 투명성을 증진하는 제도화에 기여했다. 특히 OECD 가입과 IMF 구제금융 수령 과정에서 지구표준에의 제도적 동형화를 촉진하는 계기가 있었다. 이와 같은 거시적 요인의 구조적 맥락 속에서 개인 혹은 공공의 이익을 추구하는 공사부문 행위자들의 상호작용이라는 미시적 요인이 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 대통령의 의지와 시민사회공동체의 정책옹호연합이 의미 있는 영향을 미쳤다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 입법부보다는 행정부가 제도화의 중심이 있었다는 사실은 네 가지 입법 사례가 내용 면에서는 다소 미진하고 부패인식지수의 국제비교에서 한국이 여전히 낮은 위상에 있는 이유를 모두 설명해준다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Transparency has been improved significantly in Korea since its democratic transition in 1987. This article analyses four important cases of institutionalization, which can be regarded as contributing toward the enhanced transparency: the Real Name Financial Transaction System, the Official Information Disclosure Act, the Administrative Procedure Act, and the Property Registration System for Public Officials. Ultimately, democratization was the most important macro-level causal factor to contribute to the institutionalizations. With democratization, changes to public values and the pursuit of public and self interests by politicians and civic group members exerted a positive influence on these institutionalizations. Additional important factors were globalization and digitalization, which pressured the Korean Government to conform to global standards in terms of transparency and to incorporate sophisticated new tools emerging from the IT revolution which began in the 1990s.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. Theoretical Background
• II. Historical Background
• III. Analyses of Institutionalization Cases
• IV. Conclusion
• References

참고문헌 (Reference)

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