태국 화폐의 발전 양상에 대한 고찰- 근대이전 시기를 중심으로 = A Study on the Development of Thai Currencies and Its Implications – With a focus on the premodern era

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As an instrument that indicates value of things and as a medium that enables exchange of goods, money has been the subject of the utmost interest and avarice of human beings since its birth. For the purpose of this paper, we regard the currencies that existed from the Funan Dynasty, an ancient kingdom which existed in Indochina Peninsula, until the reign of King Rama III of the Chakri Dynasty, an era which is identified as the beginning of modern times in Thailand, as ancient currencies and attempt to analyze them. Currencies not only work as an economic means but also reflect the succession of a specific culture, along with a system of letters and religion. Currencies from the cradle of an ancient civilization, such as from ancient India and China, were adopted by Thailand, until Thailand invented its own silver ingot called “Pod Duang” or “Bullet Money” during the Sukhothai era. This currency was circulated until the early Rattanakosin period. The tradition of impressing the King’s mark on its currencies to show each Dynasty’s identity, which began during the Ayuttaya period, continues up until now in Thailand. Since the history of development of Thai currencies has not been explored in Korea in earnest, we are hoping to provide readers with some academic value in that respect.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

돈은 사물의 가치를 나타내고 사람 간의 재화의 교환을 매개하는 기능을 가진 존재로써, 돈 탄생 이후에는 시대를 불문하고 인간의 가장 큰 흥미의 탐욕의 대상이 되어 왔다. 본고에서는 인도차이나 반도에 존재했던 고대왕국인 푸난왕국(Funan Dynasty) 시대부터, 태국의 근대 시기의 시작이라고 흔히 구분하는 라마 3세까지의 시기를 고대화폐의 시기로 간주하여 이 시기까지의 분석을 시도하였다. 연구 결과 화폐가 비단 경제적 수단뿐 아니라, 태국 문화의 계승이라는 면에 있어 하나의 증거가 될 수 있다는 결론에 도달하였다. 고대 인도와 중국 등 문명의 발상지에서 화폐를 받아들여 사용한 태국은, 태국인이 인정하는 최초의 왕국인 쑤코타이 시대에 이르러 폿두앙(“Pod Duang”, bullet money) 이라 불리는 독자적인 은화(silver ingot)를 개발했으며 이 폿두앙이 랏따나꼬씬 초기(Early Rattanakosin period) 까지 계승되어 사용되었다. 또한 화폐에 왕의 표식을 새겨 왕조의 정체성을 드러내는 행위는 현대에까지 이어지는 전통으로써, 아유타야시대(Ayuttaya period)에 시작되었다. 태국 화폐의 발전사에 대한 고찰은 국내에서는 본격적으로 이루어진 바가 없는 연구로서 그 학술적 가치를 찾아볼 수 있으리라 기대한다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 한국태국학회, "태국의 이해" 한국외국어대학교 출판부 2012

2 조너선 윌리엄스, "돈의 세계사" 까치글방 1998

3 ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย, "เงินตราไทย"

4 ประยุทธ สิทธิพันธ์, "เงินตราสยาม" ลือสาส์น 1979

5 นวรัตน์ เลขะกุล, "หอยเบี้ยที่เป็นเงินตรา (พิมพ์ครั้งที่)" สถาบันพิพิธภัณฑ์การเรียนรู้แห่งชาติ

6 ณัฐิกานต์ จันต๊ะยอด, "หอยเบี้ย... จากทะเลสู่เงินตราสยาม"

7 วลัยลักษณ์ ทรงสิริ, "หอยเบี้ย เงินตราจากท้องทะเล" 24 (24): 1998

8 "สารานุกรมไทยสำหรับเยาวชนโดยพระราชประสงค์ในพระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัว"

9 "วิวัฒนาการเหรียญกษาปณ์ไทย"

10 สำนักบริหารเงินตรา กรมธนารักษ์, "วิวัฒนาการเงินตราไทย" ดาวฤกษ์ 2002

11 "พิพิธภัณฑ์ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย"

12 "ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย"

13 มองซิเออร์ เดอ ลาลูแบร์, "จดหมายเหตุ ลาลูแบร์ราชอาณาจักรสยาม" สำนักพิมพ์ศรีปัญญา 2005

14 "กรมธนารักษ์"