General Act on Public Administration(GAPA) lists five systems in parallel: administrative vicarious execution, imposition of charges for compelling compliance, direct compulsion, compulsory collection, and immediate compulsion in relation to administr...
General Act on Public Administration(GAPA) lists five systems in parallel: administrative vicarious execution, imposition of charges for compelling compliance, direct compulsion, compulsory collection, and immediate compulsion in relation to administrative compulsion. General rules were prepared for three systems.
Administrative vicarious execution is mentioned in the process of human rights violation and the problem that vicarious execution is not used well. After the ‘Yongsan Disaster’ incident, Administrative Vicarious Execution Act provided some improvements, but this alone cannot be the ultimate solution. Physical force against the body cannot be said to be included in vicarious execution, and requests for support from the police also need to be executed according to strict procedures. So Administrative Vicarious Execution Act itself should provide a stipulated basis for excluding resistance with force. In relation to the use of vicarious execution, in case of cost calculation, it is necessary to prevent unnecessary confusion by establishing specific calculation criteria or scope of imposition for each local government.
In practice, there are discussions on how to object to charges for compelling compliance. Since the imposition of charges is an administrative act, the method of objection in principle can be regarded as an administrative litigation. However, in order to remedy the rights of the people, it is necessary to ensure that the appeal method is guaranteed as quickly as possible, so it is necessary to unify the appeal method against the imposition of charges to follow the non-litigative case procedure. In addition, it should be seen that the administrative agency can choose within the scope of its reasonable discretion regarding the overlapping sanctions of vicarious execution and imposition of charges. Of course, in order to comply with the principle of minimum damage, the amount, frequency, and repeatability of imposition of charges must be strictly limited.
In the case of direct compulsion, there are many criticisms that the requirements or procedural provisions are insufficient, despite the strong restriction. In addition to the minimum common requirements of GAPA, a more thorough legislative overhaul is needed to prevent each laws from being abused as tools for human rights violations. In addition, a plan to unify the hearing procedure as an essential procedure may be considered.
In the case of compulsory collection, disadvantages due to differences from civil enforcement procedures and the lack of administrative standards for determining the targets of compulsory collection are cited as problems. Whether it is an administrative compulsory collection procedure or a civil enforcement procedure has a great impact on the rights and obligations of the people concerned, so the criteria for setting the subject of administrative compulsory collection must be clarified.
There is criticism that the distinction between immediate compulsion and other means of compulsion, such as vicarious execution, is unclear, and that it is difficult to distinguish the legal character of administrative investigation and immediate compulsion when they are mixed. In addition, in the case of direct or immediate compulsion, the use of force against the body and property of the people is accompanied, so whether or not the principle of warrant is applied is an issue. According to the purpose of the warrant principle in the Constitution, it is reasonable to assume that the warrant principle is applied in principle when administrative direct compulsion or immediate compulsion constitutes a serious infringement on the important legal interests of the people, such as personal arrest, seizure, and search.