고대 동남아시아 내륙부의 묘제와 장제 = Ancient Burials and Funerary Practices of Inland Southeast Asia

국문 초록 (Abstract)

베트남 중부의 사 휜 문화는 대형의 전용 옹관을 매장에 사용한다는 점에서 한국 학계의 큰 관심을 불러 모았다. 특히 영산강유역의 대형 옹관과 사 휜 옹관을 비교하는 작업이 최근에 정열적으로 진행되고 있다. 물론 이 작업 자체로도 학술적 의미가 크다고 평가되지만 한 가지 아쉬운 점은 사 휜 문화와 같은 시기에 공존하였던 동남아시아 각지의 고대 묘제와 장제에 대한 이해가 결여되어 있다는 점이다.
베트남 북부와 중국 남부를 무대로 발전한 동 손 문화는 사 휜 문화와는 상이한 묘제와 장제를 발전시켰으나 일부 상호 교류한 흔적이 보이기도 한다. 라오스 고원지대의 돌항아리는 재질이 흙에서 돌로 바뀌었을 뿐 기본적인 관념은 사 휜 옹관과 유사하다. 반면 타일랜드나 캄보디아 지역에서는 토광묘나 목관묘가 주류 묘제일 뿐 옹관묘는 유소아용에 국한되고 있다.
이렇듯 다양한 묘제와 장제를 발전시킨 동남아시아 각지에 대한 이해는 앞으로 영산강유역 옹관묘 문화를 이해하는 데에는 물론이고 동남아시아와 동북아시아를 연결하는 광역 네트워크를 이해하는 작업에서도 반드시 필요할 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Sa Huynh culture of central Vietnam has garnered the interest of the Korean archaeological community due to its use of large jars (produced specifically as coffins) in funerary practices. In particular, there have been active attempts to compare the Sa Huynh jar coffins with the large jar coffins of the Yeongsan River region of southern Korea. Although these attempts at comparison are academically meaningful, they are lacking in terms of a wider understanding of the ancient burials and funerary practices, contemporaneous to the Sa Huynh culture, that were used throughout Southeast Asia at the time.
The Dong Son culture, which was spread out over northern Vietnam and southern China, is characterized by distinctive burials and funerary practices that are different from, but nevertheless contain traces of interaction with, the Sa Huynh culture. In the Laos highlands, stone jars were used as coffins, which can be regarded as illustrating a continuation of the same burial concept, albeit expressed though a different medium (i.e. stone). On the other hand, simple pit burials or wooden coffin burials were mainly used in the regions of Thailand and Cambodia, with the use of jar coffins limited only to infant and child burials.
A more developed understanding of the various kinds of burials and funerary practices used throughout Southeast Asia will provide the context in which the jar coffin burial culture of the Yeongsan River region can be better understood in the future. Such an understanding is also necessary in order to understand the long -distance trade network (involving the movement of carnelian, glass beads, etc.) which linked Southeast and Northeast Asia.

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