Characterization of household solid waste and current status of municipal waste management in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The municipal solid waste (MSW) management system in one of the Class II Indian cities i.e. Rishikesh was studied and analysed to identify the key issues in solid waste management in the city. A total of 329 solid waste samples from 47 households were collected to characterize the household solid waste (HSW). The average (HSW) generation rate was 0.26 kg/c/d and it was composed of organic waste (57.3%), plastics (14%), paper (10.9%), and glass and ceramic (1.3%) and other materials (16.5%). There was an inverse relationship between household waste generation rate and family size (p < 0.05). The MSW management system practiced in Rishikesh is unsound. There is no waste segregation at source, no provisions of composting and no recycling by formal sector. The collection and transportation of waste is inadequate and inappropriate. Collected waste is dumped in open dumping site without scientific management. Following are some recommendations for developing a sustainable solid waste management system in Rishikesh city: (1) sensitize people for segregation at source; (2) promote reduction, reuse and recycling of wastes; (3) promote community based composting; (4) provision for 100% door to door collection and; (5) formalize the informal sectors such as rag pickers and recycling industries.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ABSTRACT
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Methods
• 3. Results and Discussion
• 4. Conclusions
• References

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Mani S, "Sustainable municipal solid waste management in India: A policy agenda" 35 : 150-157, 2016

2 Qu XY, "Survey of composition and generation rate of household wastes in Beijing, China" 29 : 2618-2624, 2009

3 Joshi R, "Status and challenges of municipal solid waste management in India: A review" 2 : 1139434-, 2016

4 Hazra T, "Solid waste management in Kolkata, India: Practices and challenges" 29 : 470-478, 2009

5 Guerrero LA, "Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries" 33 : 220-232, 2013

6 Das D, "Solid state acidification of vegetable waste" 40 : 333-342, 1998

7 Dennison GJ, "Socio-economic based survey of household waste characteristics in the city of Dublin, Ireland. I. Waste composition" 17 : 227-244, 1996

8 Agarwal J, "Scope of power generation from MSW of Uttarakhand State" 2 : 49-54, 2017

9 Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, "Power generation from municipal solid waste" Committee on Energy

10 CPHEEO, "Municipal solid waste management manual part III" 2016

11 CPHEEO, "Municipal solid waste management manual part II" 2016

12 Moghadam MRA, "Municipal solid waste management in Rasht City, Iran" 29 : 485-489, 2009

13 Tewari G, "Municipal solid waste management in Nainital, Uttarakhand: A case study" 7 : 288-295, 2013

14 Henry RK, "Municipal solid waste management challenges in developing countries - Kenyan case study" 26 : 92-100, 2006

15 Alam T, "Municipal solid waste management and its energy potential in Roorkee city, Uttarakhand, India" 97 : 9-17, 2016

16 Miezah K, "Municipal solid waste characterization and quantification as a measure towards effective waste management in Ghana" 46 : 15-27, 2015

17 Philippe F, "Household solid waste generation and characteristics in Cape Haitian city: Republic of Haiti" 54 : 73-78, 2009

18 Thanh NP, "Household solid waste generation and characteristic in a Mekong Delta city: Vietnam" 91 : 2307-2321, 2010

19 Sujauddin M, "Household solid waste characteristics and management in Chittagong, Bangladesh" 28 : 1688-1695, 2008

20 Ojeda-Benitez S, "Household solid waste char-acterization by family socioeconomic profile as unit of analysis" 52 : 992-999, 2008

21 Kumar H, "Current scenario of solid waste management in Nainital town" 4 : 15-21, 2015

22 Gu B, "Characterization, quantification and management of household solid waste: A case study in China" 98 : 67-75, 2015

23 Burnley SJ, "Assessing the composition of municipal solid waste in Wales" 49 : 264-283, 2007

24 Kundu D, ""Cities for All" a report on 11th Metropolis World Congress Hyderabad"