서울 명동 도시조직 변화에 관한 연구 : 제1중앙토지구획정리사업 충무로지구를 중심으로 = A Study on the Transformation of Urban Tissue in Myung-Dong, Seoul.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

【국문초록】

본 연구는 서울 명동의 도시조직 변화과정을 그것의 형성 원인 및 변화 동인과의 관계 속에서 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 연구의 직접적인 대상이 되는 공간은 서울 명동지역 중 한국전쟁기 전재(戰災)지역으로서 전후 제1중앙토지구획정리사업지구 중 충무로지구이며, 연구의 대상 시기는 이곳의 도시조직 형태를 확인할 수 있는 최초의 시기인 1912년부터 토지구획정리사업이 끝난 후 환지처분이 완료된 직후인 1963년까지이다.
연구는 주로 1912년의 지적원도(地籍原圖, 1/600), 1929년의 지형명세도(地形明細圖, 1/1,200), 1940년의 지적도, 1963년의 지적도 등 총 네 개의 지적도 자료에 대한 분석을 통해 이루어졌고 이에 따라 연구의 시기를 1912년, 1912년∼1929년, 1929년∼1940년, 1940년∼1963년의 총 네 개의 시기로 나누어 도시조직의 변화에 대해 살펴보았으며, 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다.
1912년 명동지역은 조선후기 도시구조의 영향으로 인해 각각의 공간 성격에 차이를 보이고 있었다. 명치정2정목과는 달리 본정1정목 및 본정2정목은 상업가로의 특징인 가로형 도시조직이 형성되어 있었는데 이는 일본인들이 1885년부터 이곳을 중심으로 상업행위를 시작했던 것과 관계된 모습으로 보여진다. 또한 이처럼 가로형 도시조직이 형성된 본정1정목과 본정2정목 사이에서도 공간 성격의 차이점이 나타났다. 본정1정목 주변으로는 주로 부정형의 대형 필지들이 분포되어 있었고, 본정2정목 주변으로는 자연발생적 분할로 인해 만들어진 것으로 추정되는 부정형의 세장형 필지들이 다수 존재했으며 또한 소형 필지들이 보다 밀도 높게 형성되어 있었는데 이는 남대문로 주변으로 주요시설이 입지해 있었고 진고개길 내부에는 밀도 높은 주거지가 형성되어 있었을 것으로 추정되는 조선후기 명동지역의 도시구조가 반영된 결과로 판단된다.
1912년부터 1929년까지는 상업화의 진전으로 인해 본정통의 밀도가 더욱 높아졌을 것으로 사료되는 시기로서, 이러한 도시적 상황은 일괄적인 획지로 인해 형성된 것으로 판단되는 세장형 필지가 다수 증가되는 양상으로 나타났다. 그리고 이처럼 필지분할로 인해 새롭게 형성된 세장형 필지들은 본정2정목 보다는 주로 본정1정목 및 그 주변을 중심으로 분포되어 있었는데 이는 기존의 이 공간이 비교적 상업화의 밀도가 낮았기 때문에 변화의 여지가 많았으며 또한 조선은행 앞 광장의 형성으로 인해 본정1정목 주변의 중요성이 증가했기 때문인 것으로 판단된다.
1929년에서 1940년 사이에는 일제강점기 주요 도시계획이었던 경성시구개수예정노선의 13번 도로가 본정통 남측에 개설되면서 기존 가구의 분할이 일어났으며 또한 경성부청 필지와 같은 대형 필지들이 분할되면서 새로운 도로가 만들어지는 등의 변화도 생겼다. 그리고 이 시기 필지의 변화 역시 주로 일괄적 분할에 의한 세장형 필지의 증가가 눈에 띄는데, 분할로 인해 새롭게 만들어진 필지들은 주로 이전 시기에서는 변화가 미미했던 명치정2정목을 중심으로 분포되어 있는 특징을 보이고 있으며 이는 본정의 상업화가 명치정 방향으로 확장되는 과정이 반영된 결과로 판단된다.
1940년부터 1963년 동안은 한국전쟁으로 인해 피해를 입은 명동지역에 기존의 도시조직과는 다른 새로운 도시조직이 이식되는 변화를 보이고 있는데, 토지구획정리사업으로 인해서 기존의 좁고 구불구불한 도로들이 확장되고 직선화되었으며 도로를 따라 방형의 가구체계가 만들어져서 전체적으로 격자형의 도시조직이 형성되었다. 그리고 이처럼 새롭게 이식된 격자형의 도시조직은 기존의 주요 도로였던 중앙로 및 진고개길의 특성을 반영하여 이 도로들에 접하는 면적을 최대한 넓게 하기 위한 가구 배치 및 필지의 획지가 이루어졌던 것으로 판단된다.

조선 시대 서울 남촌의 주거지였던 명동지역은 일본인 거류와 함께 서서히 변화되면서 일제강점기 즈음에는 서울의 새로운 행정·상업의 중심공간으로 변모하였으며 이후 한국전쟁으로 인해 다시 새로운 도시조직이 이식되는 변화 또한 맞이하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 시대적 상황의 변화를 도시조직의 변화과정 분석을 통해서 살펴보았으며 또한 본 연구를 통해 기존의 연구에서 다루지 못했던 명동지역 내 미세한 공간 성격 차이에 대해서도 알 수 있었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

ABSTRACT


A Study on the Transformation of Urban Tissue in Myung-Dong, Seoul
-Focused on the Chungmuro District of the Land Readjustment Project-

Nam, yong hyub
Major of Architectural Design
Graduate School of Architecture
Kyonggi University
Advised by Professor Ahn, Chang mo

The purpose of this study is to consider changes in urban tissue in Myungdong, Seoul within its causes of formation and motives of the changing. The place as the subject of this study was the one damaged from the Korean War in Myungdong, Seoul, or the Chungmuro district included in the First Central Land Readjustment Project after the War. The period researched in this study was between the year of 1912 when the forms of urban tissue of the place can be identified first and 1963 immediately after the replotting after the Land Readjustment Project.
The study was conducted by analysis of a total four cadastral maps including the original cadastral map (1/600) in 1912, the topographical detail map (1/1,200) in 1929, the cadastral map in 1940, and the cadastral map in 1963. Based on the results, the research periods were divided into four - 1912, between 1912 and 1929, between 1929 and 1940, and between 1940 and 1963 for investigating changes in the urban tissue. The results of this study are as follows.
The Myungdong district in 1912 showed differences in characteristics of each space based on effects of urban tissue in late of Chosun dynasty. Unlike the second Meiji-Machi, the first and the second Hon-Machi had avenue-type urban tissue as the characteristics of commerce avenues, indicating that the Japanese began their businesses here in 1885. Also, there were differences in spatial characteristics between the first and the second Hon-Machi having the avenue-type urban tissue. Large atypical lots of land were mainly distributed around the first Hon-Machi, and atypical, slender lots of land that were estimated to be formed by natural division were considerably distributed around the second Hon-Machi. Also, small lots of land were densely formed, lots that might be reflected of the urban tissue in Myungdong in late of Chosun dynasty that is estimated to have had main facilities around the current Namdaemunro and to have had dense residence areas within Jingogaegil.
The period between 1912 and 1929 is estimated to be more dense in Hon-Machi due to development of commercialization, and such urban situations were linked to sufficient increase in slender lots of land that might be formed by overall plotting. The slender lots of land newly formed by land plotting were usually distributed in and around the first Hon-Machi rather than in the second Hon-Machi, indicating that the place had much room for changing due to its relatively lower commercialization and that the importance of the areas around the first Hon-Machi increased because of the formation of square in front of the Chosun Bank.
Between 1929 and 1940, the 13th road among the scheduled line for improvement of Kyungsung municipal district as the main urban planning in the Japanese Colonial Period was established on the south of Hon-Machi-tong, resulting in division of the existing households. Also, when large lots of land such as those of Kyungsungbucheong were divided, new roads were constructed. As for the changes in lots of land in this period, increase in slender lots of land by overall plotting was also characteristic. The new lots of land newly formed by the plotting were characteristic in their distribution around the second Meiji-Machi where changes had been insufficiently made, indicating that the commercialization of Hon-Machi was expanded toward Meiji-Machi.
Between 1940 and 1963, there were changes in transplantation of new urban tissue that was different from the existing urban tissue in Myungdong that was damaged by the Korean War. Due to the Land Readjustment Project, the existing narrow, winding roads were enlarged and straightened and square-formed households were constructed along the roads, forming grid-type urban tissue on the whole. As for the newly-transplanted grid-type urban tissue, distribution of households and lot plotting might be conducted in order to enlarge the sides adjacent to the roads as much as possible by reflection of the characteristics of Chungangro and Jingogaegil, the existing main roads.
Myungdong, the residence area of Namchon, Seoul, in Chosun dynasty, was gradually changed with Japanese residents, became new central area of Seoul in the Japanese Colonial Period, and then was changed again by transplantation of new urban tissue due to the Korean War. In this study, the author investigated the situational changes of via analysis of changing process of the urban tissue. Based on the results of this study, detailed differences in spatial characteristics within Myungdong district, differences that have not been researched in the existing studies.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 【목 차】
• ■ 국문 초록········································································ⅰ
• ■ 표 목차········································································ⅴ
• ■ 그림 목차········································································ⅵ
• 제1장 서론········································································3
• 1.1 연구의 배경 및 목적··························································3
• 1.1.1 연구의 배경··································································3
• 1.1.2 연구의 목적··································································4
• 1.2 선행연구 검토··································································4
• 1.3 연구의 범위·····································································6
• 1.3.1 공간적 범위···································································6
• 1.3.2 시간적 범위···································································7
• 1.4 연구의 방법 및 흐름···························································7
• 제2장 명동의 역사적 고찰·················································11
• 2.1 조선후기 명동의 도시구조···················································11
• 2.2 일본인 거류와 명동의 변화 ················································15
• 2.3 한국전쟁과 명동의 변화·····················································18
• 제3장 명동의 도시조직 변화과정········································23
• 3.1 1912년 명동의 도시조직 ····················································23
• 3.1.1 1912년 명동의 도로 분석 ·····················································24
• 3.1.2 1912년 명동의 필지 분석 ·····················································27
• 3.1.3 소결 ········································································35
• 3.2 1912년∼1929년 명동의 도시조직 변화·····································37
• 3.2.1 도로의 변화 ·································································37
• 3.2.2 필지의 변화 ·································································39
• 3.2.3 소결 ········································································46
• 3.3 1929년∼1940년 명동의 도시조직 변화······································47
• 3.3.1 도로의 변화 ·································································47
• 3.3.2 필지의 변화 ·································································52
• 3.3.3 소결 ········································································56
• 3.4 1940년∼1963년 명동의 도시조직 변화······································57
• 3.4.1 토지구획정리사업과 제1중앙토지구획정리사업 충무로지구 ·······················57
• 3.4.2 도로 및 가구의 변화 ·························································59
• 3.4.3 필지의 변화 ·································································62
• 3.4.4 소결 ········································································63
• 제4장 결론 ······································································65
• ■참고문헌········································································69
• ■부 록········································································75
• ■Abstract······································································103