1974~75년 동아일보,동아방송 구성원들의 자유언론투쟁 = Dong-a Ilbo Reporters` Struggle for Freedom of Speech in 1974

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It is on October 24, 1974 that the Dong-a Ilbo reporters made the Declaration for the Practice of Freedom of Speech and took into a full-scale movement for the practice of freedom of speech with the tyranny, oppressive ruling, and suppression on the press by the Park Jung-hee``s regime for over ten years in the background. The press was not performing its intended roles right under the suppression of his regime, which controlled the press so that they would not print a negative article about his regime. The agents of the Central Information Bureau would visit the editorial offices of the newspapers to intervene their articles and often take journalists to the police, shrinking the press. The general readers and the public criticized the press for not reporting accurate facts in demonstrations, thus driving the incumbent reporters into a mental shock. In response to those developments, the young reporters of Dong-a Ilbo, the most influential newspaper of the times in Korea, made a declaration to protect freedom of speech in April, 1971 and November and December, 1973. Despite their three declarations, however, the newspaper articles were not improved over a night. Furthermore, their three declarations were not translated into actions right, either. There was no reporters`` organization to support their practice, and Park``s regime and the Central Information Bureau still enjoyed enormous power. In March, 1974, the Dong-a Ilbo reporters formed a labor union as a means of engaging in a movement for freedom of speech in an organized manner. Although they failed in obtaining a legal status for their union due to the suppression from the newspaper and Park``s regime, the reporters developed confidence, succeeded in reforming the executive office of the Reporters`` Association and the executive office of the Reporters`` Association Dong-a branch, and made a declaration for the practice of freedom of speech and acted upon it on October 24, 1974. Working with the executive editors including the head of the editorial office, the reporters started to print articles on the difficulties the common people had and democratic movements little by little. Those articles were not found in the newspaper for a long while before their change. During the period, some members of the management and executives were favorable toward the practice of freedom of speech even though they were passive. In addition, the producers of Dong-a Broadcasting, a subsidiary of Dong-a Ilbo, joined in their practice of and struggle for freedom of speech by including criticism on Park``s regime in their programs. In reaction to their efforts, Park``s regime pressed the advertisers of Dong-a Ilbo and Dong-a Broadcasting to stop buying ads from them through the Central Information Bureau and tried to stop the practice of and struggle for freedom of speech happening at Dong-a Ilbo. As a result, most of the ads in the newspaper were canceled in late December, 1974. In January, 1975, however, there was an explosion in advertisements to encourage them and in movements to raise funds and subscribe to the newspaper among the general readers and the public. The ad sections of the newspaper were full of encouragement ads by the general reader. Encouraged by them, the reporters and employees tried to continue their practice of and struggle for freedom of speech. However, the president and the management withdrawn by the prolonged suppression on their ads fired many of the reporters and employees involved in the struggle for freedom of speech and forcefully broke up their protests in March, 1975 to make a reconciliation with Park``s regime and bring back the ads. The dismissed reporters and employees formed Dong-a Committee for Protection and Struggle for Freedom of Speech, which joined the democratization movement in the latter half of the 1970s and made a huge contribution to the nation``s democratization.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 한겨레20년사사편찬위원회, "희망으로 가는 길-한겨레 20년의 역사" 한겨레신문사 2008

2 송건호, "한국현대언론사" 삼민사 1990

3 김해식, "한국언론의 사회학" 나남 1994

4 조상호, "한국언론과 출판저널리즘" 나남출판 1999

5 박지동, "한국언론 바로보기 100년" 다섯수레 2000

6 송건호, "한국언론 바로보기 100년" 다섯수레 2000

7 김서중, "한국민주화운동사 2" 돌베개 2009

8 한국기자협회, "한국기자사십년" 한국기자협회 2004

9 채백, "한국 언론수용자 운동사" 한나래 2005

10 "조선일보"

11 "장윤환 동아투위위원 인터뷰"

12 "장윤환 동아투위위원 서면인터뷰"

13 김언호, "자유언론운동" 동아일보사 1975

14 한홍구, "자유언론실천운동과 한국의 민주화운동-역사적 평가" 2010

15 MBC 시사교양국, "자유언론실천선언 (연출: 정길화), 이제는 말할 수 있다"

16 동아자유언론수호투쟁위원회, "자유언론: 1975～2005 동아투위 30년 발자취" 해담솔 2005

17 "월간중앙"

18 김진홍, "언론통제의 정치학" 홍성사 1983

19 류한호, "언론의 자유와 민주주의" 커뮤니케이션북스 2004

20 "알림(동아방송)"

21 "알림"

22 "신동아"

23 이상우, "박정권하의 언론탄압" 동아일보사 1986

24 동아자유언론수호투쟁위원회, "동아투위 자유언론운동 13년사" 동아자유언론수호투쟁위원회 1987

25 백서발간특별위원회, "동아자유언론실천운동백서" 동아일보사 노동조합 1989

26 "동아자유언론수호투쟁위원회와 나의 삶"

27 "동아일보와 나"

28 동아일보사사편찬위원회, "동아일보사사 4" 동아일보사 1990

29 "동아일보"

30 이석열, "동아 광고탄압" 동아일보사 1975

31 이태호, "너마저 배신하면 이민갈 거야!" 월간말 2002

32 김진홍, "너마저 배신하면 이민갈 거야!" 월간 말 2002

33 주동황, "너마저 배신하면 이민갈 거야!" 월간말 2002

34 임동욱, "너마저 배신하면 이민갈 거야!" 월간말 2002

35 성유보, "너마저 배신하면 이민갈 거야!" 월간말 2002

36 정지아, "나는 역사의 길을 걷고 싶다-참언론인 송건호의 생각과 실천" 한길사 2008

37 이경재, "김한조의 코리아게이트 증언(3)-암호명 ‘백설작전’의 전모" 동아일보사 1987

38 이경재, "김한조의 코리아게이트 증언(2)-청와대 밀사, 백악관에 들어가다" 동아일보사 1987

39 "기자협회보"

40 "기자협회 회원 여러분께 알려드립니다"

41 한국기자협회, "기자협회 삼십년사" 한국기자협회 1994

42 김태진, "기록을 남기지 않은 인터뷰" 중앙일보사 1990

43 국정원진실위, "과거와 대화, 미래의 성찰-주요 의혹사건 편 상권(Ⅱ)" 국가정보원 2007

44 "SPOT"

45 "R 170900Z MAR., 75 FM AMEMBASSY TO SEC. STATE WASHINGTON D.C"

46 기독교방송사사편찬위원회, "CBS 50년사" 기독교방송 2004

47 진실화해를위한과거사정리위원회, "2008년 하반기 조사보고서" 진실화해를위한과거사정리위원회 2009