Reality? knowledge? philosophy! : an introduction to metaphysics and epistemology

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = ⅶ
• Using this Book = ⅹ
• Acknowledgments = xii
• 1. Persons
• Physicalism = 1
• Immaterialism = 2
• Dualism = 3
• Questions of personal identity = 4
• 'No longer the same person' = 5
• Conventionalism = 6
• Descartes on what persons are = 7
• Locke on personal identity = 9
• Hume on personal identity = 10
• Singer on non-human persons = 12
• Further reading = 13
• 2. Free Will
• Determinism = 14
• Fatalism = 15
• What is free will? = 16
• Indeterminism = 18
• Evidence of free will? = 20
• Moral responsibility = 21
• Foreknowledge = 22
• Hume's compatibilism = 24
• Further reading = 26
• 3. God and Evil
• The traditional problem of evil = 27
• The world as a whole = 28
• The evidence-problem of evil = 30
• The free will defence = 31
• Socrates's challenge = 34
• Evil within people? = 35
• Further reading = 38
• 4. Life's Meaning
• Criteria of meaning? = 39
• The myth of Sisyphus = 40
• Plato's cave = 43
• Nozick's machines = 44
• Living ethically = 47
• Living philosophically = 48
• Aristotle on the best way to live = 49
• Further reading = 51
• 5. Death's Harm
• Objective harm? = 53
• Epicurus and Lucretius on being dead = 54
• Being deprived by being dead? = 56
• Dying = 58
• Never dying = 60
• Brain death = 61
• Further reading = 63
• 6. Properties
• The problem of universals = 65
• Platonic Forms = 67
• Label nominalism = 69
• Class nominalism = 70
• Resemblance nominalism = 72
• Individualised properties = 73
• Essentialism = 75
• Further reading = 77
• 7. Truth
• Caring about truth as such = 78
• Correspondence = 79
• Coherence = 81
• Pragmatism = 83
• Disagreement = 84
• Claiming truth = 87
• Social constructivism = 87
• Social facts = 90
• Further reading = 91
• 8. Well Supported Views
• Objective support = 92
• Fallibilism = 94
• Reliabilism = 96
• Popper and testability = 97
• Intellectual virtue = 99
• Agreement = 101
• Epistemic relativism = 102
• Further reading = 104
• 9. Knowledge
• Knowledge's objectivity = 105
• A traditional conception of knowledge = 106
• Gettier's challenge = 107
• Avoiding false evidence = 109
• Knowing luckily = 110
• Gradualism = 112
• Fallible knowledge = 113
• Education = 114
• Taking knowledge seriously = 115
• Further reading = 118
• 10. Observational Knowledge
• Purely observational knowledge = 119
• Observational limits? = 120
• Empiricism = 121
• Representationalism = 123
• Berkeley's idealism = 125
• Phenomenalism = 127
• Perception and reliability = 128
• Hume on causation = 129
• Non-inferential knowledge = 130
• Further reading = 131
• 11. Pure Reason
• Rationalism = 133
• A priori knowledge = 134
• Plato's rationalism = 135
• Descartes's rationalist method = 136
• Kant on a priori knowledge = 138
• Mill's radical empiricism = 140
• Logical empiricism = 142
• Fallible a priori knowledge = 143
• Further reading = 145
• 12. Sceptical Doubts
• Blended knowledge? = 146
• Scepticisms = 147
• Descartes's dreaming argument = 148
• Descartes's evil genius = 149
• Hume on induction = 150
• Other minds = 152
• Being freely rational = 153
• Moore and commonsense = 154
• Knowing fallibly = 155
• Improved knowledge = 158
• What you are = 159
• Further reading = 160
• Index = 161