일본군의 3·1운동 탄압과 조선통치방안―『朝鮮騷擾事件關係書類』를 중심으로― = The Japanese Army’s Suppression against the 1919 Independence Movement and Colonial Administration Plans

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Joseonsoyosageongwangyeseoryu(the Papers Relating to Korean Commotion), is the file in which the Japanese Department of the Army organized the documents sent or received. This file contains telegrams sent or received by the department right after the 1919 Independence Movement, reports organized according to dates, and statistical tables.
Right after the 1919 Independence Movement, Japanese infantry and calvary were deployed to Seoul and Pyeongyang, being dispersed twice in the areas where the movement occurred. Around March 12, 1919, the Japanese Army was deployed at the center to prevent people from gathering in crowds for demonstration and allow troops to move with ease. The Japanese Army was deployed to investigate the current situation of the movement and reinforce the existing military deployment after March 20 of that year. While the army made saber rattling and took charge of the rear of the demonstration, the military police actually suppressed the front of the demonstration.
The Japanese Governor-General judged that it was impossible to suppress the movement with the current troops and military policemen alone and asked the Japanese Cabinet to increase the force. As a result, six more battalions of infantrymen were specially dispatched to Korea early in April. Just after landing at Korea, they were dispersed in about 500 regions to supplement the existing military and police. The specially-dispatched battalions were equipped with weapons for war to threaten Koreans.
With the nationwide spread of the movement, Japan shifted from coercion to suppression, from conspicuous threat to retribution. Beginning with blank ammunition, the Japanese military and police increased the weapons by ball cartridges and artillery. To capture participants of the movement, Japan also organized arrest and capture squads.
The Japanese Army in Korea began to analyze the causes of the movement early in April and presented colonial administration plans. The plans included better treatment to Koreans, establishment of schools, local self-government, and freedom of press. However, the control of Koreans was reinforced by police force and civilian inspection measures were taken for Koreans by increasing police force and reinforcing civilian rule inspection. The Japanese Army’s plan to govern Korea was reported in the privy council in July, 1919, influencing the change of the policy.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Joseonsoyosageongwangyeseoryu(the Papers Relating to Korean Commotion), is the file in which the Japanese Department of the Army organized the documents sent or received. This file contains telegrams sent or received by the department right after the 1919 Independence Movement, reports organized according to dates, and statistical tables.
Right after the 1919 Independence Movement, Japanese infantry and calvary were deployed to Seoul and Pyeongyang, being dispersed twice in the areas where the movement occurred. Around March 12, 1919, the Japanese Army was deployed at the center to prevent people from gathering in crowds for demonstration and allow troops to move with ease. The Japanese Army was deployed to investigate the current situation of the movement and reinforce the existing military deployment after March 20 of that year. While the army made saber rattling and took charge of the rear of the demonstration, the military police actually suppressed the front of the demonstration.
The Japanese Governor-General judged that it was impossible to suppress the movement with the current troops and military policemen alone and asked the Japanese Cabinet to increase the force. As a result, six more battalions of infantrymen were specially dispatched to Korea early in April. Just after landing at Korea, they were dispersed in about 500 regions to supplement the existing military and police. The specially-dispatched battalions were equipped with weapons for war to threaten Koreans.
With the nationwide spread of the movement, Japan shifted from coercion to suppression, from conspicuous threat to retribution. Beginning with blank ammunition, the Japanese military and police increased the weapons by ball cartridges and artillery. To capture participants of the movement, Japan also organized arrest and capture squads.
The Japanese Army in Korea began to analyze the causes of the movement early in April and presented colonial administration plans. The plans included better treatment to Koreans, establishment of schools, local self-government, and freedom of press. However, the control of Koreans was reinforced by police force and civilian inspection measures were taken for Koreans by increasing police force and reinforcing civilian rule inspection. The Japanese Army’s plan to govern Korea was reported in the privy council in July, 1919, influencing the change of the policy.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 채영국, "｢3·1운동 전후 日帝 ｢朝鮮軍｣(駐韓日本軍)의 동향" 독립기념관 한국독립운동사연구소 6 : 1992

2 강덕상, "현대사자료 25·26" みすず書房 1967

3 국사편찬위원회, "한일관계사료집, In 『대한민국임시정부자료집』 7" 2005

4 김동명, "지배와 저항, 그리고 협력" 경인문화사 2006

5 윤병석, "증보 3·1운동사" 국학자료원 2004

6 "매일신보"

7 박걸순, "대한민국임시정부의 역사서 편찬, In 대한민국임시정부 수립 80주년 기념 논문집(하)" 한국근현대사학회·국가보훈처 1999

8 김진호, "국내 3·1운동 II-남부" 한국독립운동사연구소 2009

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12 "朝鮮憲兵隊歷史 5·6" 不二出版 2000

13 "朝鮮及滿洲"

14 朝鮮出版協會, "朝鮮倂合十年史-附 朝鮮獨立問題의 眞相" 1923

15 松田利彦, "日本の朝鮮植民地支配と警察-1905～1945年" 校倉書房 2009

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17 "大阪每日新聞"

18 "大阪朝日新聞"

19 "『民族運動』 1-조선총독시대관계자료 齊藤實文書" 高麗書林 1990

20 임경석, "3·1운동의 일제의 조선지배정책의 변화-만세시위운동에 대한 일제의 대응방식을 중심으로, In 한국현대사의 재인식 14" 한국정신문화연구원 1999

21 조동걸, "3·1운동의 역사" 역사공간 2010

22 김진봉, "3·1운동사연구" 국학자료원 2000

23 국가보훈처, "3·1운동 독립선언서와 격문"

24 신주백, "1910년대 일제의 조선통치와 조선주둔 일본군" 109 : 2000