취약계층유아의 발달에 관한 연구 = Study on Development of Kindergarten Children from disadvantaged background

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aim of this study is to investigate cognitive, language, social, and motor development of kindergarten children from disadvantaged background. Among the low-income families in North Jeolla Province, 971 children aged 3 to 6 from low-income family itself, low-income with multi-cultural family, single parent, grand parents, and alternative home participated in this study. Moreover to investigate more accurate cognitive, language, social, and motor development for kindergarten children from disadvantaged background, they were compared with 498 kindergarten children from better background randomly selected in the same local area. The results are as follows. First, kindergarten children from disadvantaged background showed significantly different prevalence rates of the level(high, middle, and low) of overall, cognitive, language, social development from those in better background. Next, kindergarten children from disadvantaged background reported significantly lower level of overall, cognitive, language, social, and motor development than those in better background. Last, kindergarten children from disadvantaged background reported that their delayed motor development influenced language development negatively mediated by delayed cognitive development, and finally had a negative affect on social-emotion development. These findings confirmed the atypical development of kindergarten children from disadvantaged background and suggested further studies relevant to early prevention and intervention programs.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 국내 취약계층유아의 전반적 발달 상황을 파악하는데 그 목적을 두고 실시되었다. 연구대상자는 전라북도 내 거주 만 3-6세 취약계층유아(N=971)와 동일지역 내 일반가정 유아(N=498)였으며 이들이 보이는 발달양상을 파악하기 위해 전반적인 발달, 초기 인지, 언어, 사회성, 운동영역에 대한 발달검사가 실시되었다. 이에 따르는 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 취약계층유아와 일반가정유아는 각 발달영역(전반적인 발달, 인지, 언어, 사회성)에서 발달수준(상, 중, 하)에 따른 분포율에서 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 둘째, 취약계층유아와 일반가정유아의 발달영역별 평균점수를 비교한 결과, 모든 발달영역(전반적 발달, 인지, 언어, 사회성, 운동)에서 취약계층유아가 일반가정유아보다 유의미하게 낮은 점수를 나타냈다. 셋째, 취약계층유아를 대상으로 발달영역간의 유기적인 관계를 살펴본 결과, 초기 운동발달지연은 인지발달지연을 매개로 언어발달에 부정적 영향을 미쳐, 결국 사회성발달 지연으로까지 이어진다는 것이 확인되었다. 본 연구결과를 통해 취약계층유아의 비전형적 발달이 보고되었으며, 이를 조기예방 및 중재하기 위한 조기개입의 필요성이 논의되었다.

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