여주 활성 물질 Protocatechuic Acid의 신경세포의산화적 스트레스에 대한 개선 효과 = The Protective Effects of Protocatechuic Acid from Momordica charantia against Oxidative Stress in Neuronal Cells

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Protocatechuic acid is an active phenolic acid compound from Momordica charantia. In this study, we investigatedthe protective effect of protocatechuic acid against oxidative stress under cellular system using C6 glial cell. The oxidative stresswas induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and amyloid beta 25-35 (Aβ25-35), and they caused the decrease of cell viability andoverproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the treatment of protocatechuic acid significantly elevated thedecreased cell viability and inhibited the overproduction of ROS by H2O2. In addition, protocatechuic acid significantly recoveredthe cellular damage induced by Aβ25-35. In particular, protocatechuic acid at the concentration 10 µg/mL decreased the elevatedROS level to normal level. These results indicate that protocatechuic acid may have neuroprotective effect throughattenuating oxidative stress.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이희주, "여주의 유전자원별 과실특성과 Charantin 성분 함량" 한국생물환경조절학회 21 (21): 379-384, 2012

2 Jang, J. H., "β-Amyloid induces oxidative DNA damage and cell death through activation of c-Jun N terminal kinase" 973 : 228-236, 2002

3 Reyes, L. F., "Wounding stress increases the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of purple-flesh potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)" 51 : 5296-5300, 2003

4 Horax, R., "Total phenolic contents and phenolic acid constituents in 4 varieties of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) and antioxidant activities of their extracts" 70 : 275-280, 2005

5 Diguiseppi, J., "The toxicity of molecular oxygen" 12 : 315-342, 1984

6 Cheng, L. Y., "The effects of the total saponin extract from the shoots of Momordica charantia L. on anti-virus HSV-II activity" 41 : 641-643, 2004

7 Hu, Q. S., "Studies on inhibiting- bacteria of nature substance extracted from leaves and rattan of Momordica charantia Linn" 2 : 70-74, 2004

8 Ali, L., "Studies on hypoglycemia effects of fruit pulp, seed and shole plant of Momordica charantia on normal and diabetic model rats" 59 : 408-412, 1993

9 Choi, U., "Screening of natural antioxidant from plant and their antioxidative effect" 24 : 142-148, 1992

10 최진상, "Roasting Enhances Antioxidant Effect of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Increasing in Flavan-3-ol and Phenolic Acid Contents" 한국식품과학회 21 (21): 19-26, 2012

11 Stadtman, E. R., "Reactive oxygenmediated protein oxidation in aging and disease" 10 : 485-494, 1997

12 Crack, P. J., "Reactive oxygen species and the modulation of stroke" 38 : 1433-1444, 2005

13 Mosman, T., "Rapid colormetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays" 65 : 55-63, 1983

14 An, L. J., "Protocatechuic acid from Alpinia oxyphylla against MPP + -induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells" 44 : 436-443, 2006

15 김주연, "Protective Effect of Vitis amurensis Stems and Leaves Extract on Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Oxidative Neuronal Cell Damage in Cultured Neurons" 한국약용작물학회 17 (17): 68-74, 2009

16 Divya, D., "Phenolic extracts from leaves of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) with antioxidant properties" 2 : 28-34, 2013

17 Kubola, J., "Phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of bitter ground (Momordica charantia L.) leaf, stem and fruit fraction extracts in vitro" 110 : 881-890, 2008

18 Halliwell, B., "Oxygen free radicals and iron in relation to biology and medicine: some problems and concepts" 246 : 501-504, 1991

19 Reynolds, A., "Oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders" 82 : 297-325, 2007

20 Kim, G., "Nano-encapsulation method for high selectivity sensing of hydrogen peroxide inside live cells" 82 : 2165-2169, 2010

21 Knott, A. B., "Mitochondrial fragmentation in neurodegeneration" 9 : 505-518, 2008

22 Grover, J. K., "Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential" 81 : 81-100, 2002

23 Byun, Y. J., "Hydrogen peroxide induces autophagic cell death in C6 glioma cells via BNIP3-mediated suppression of the mTOR pathway" 461 : 131-135, 2009

24 Valko, M. D., "Free radical and antioxidants in normal physiological function and human disease" 39 : 44-84, 2007

25 Ghaima, K. K., "Extraction and identification of phenol compounds from bitter melon Momordica charantia fruits and their role as antioxidants" 7 : 41-47, 2013

26 Butterfield, D. A., "Evidence of oxidative damage in Alzheimer’s disease brain: central role of amyloid beta-peptide" 7 : 548-554, 2001

27 Alijadi, A. M., "Evaluation or the phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity of two Malaysian floral honeys" 85 : 513-518, 2004

28 Wiseman, H., "Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer" 313 : 17-20, 1996

29 Kim, T. S., "Changes in antioxidants and antioxidants enzymes activities of soybean leaves subject to water stress" 42 : 246-251, 1999

30 Rike, C. J., "Beta-amyloid neurotoxicity in vitro: evidence of oxidative stress but not protection by antioxidants" 69 : 1601-1611, 1997

31 Srivastava, Y., "Antidiabetic and adaptogenic properties of Momordica charantia extract: and experimental and clinical evaluation" 7 : 785-789, 1993

32 Yan, S. D., "An intracellular protein that binds amyloid-peptide and mediates neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease" 75 : 1039-1042, 1997

33 Trubetskaya, V. V., "Administration of aggregated beta-amyloid peptide (25-35) induces changes in long-term potentiation in the hippocampus in vivo" 33 : 95-98, 2003

34 Zhang, R. Q., "A bacteriostatic test of leaf of Momordica charantia L" 23 : 272-273, 2003

35 Ban, J. Y., "3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid from Smilacis chinae rhizome protects amyloid β protein (25-35)- induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat cortical neurons" 420 : 184-188, 2007