Valorization of Passion Fruit Stalk by the Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers and Immobilization of Trypsin

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Fibers from passion fruit stalks were first recovered with a pulping and bleaching process. Two mechanicaltreatments were further applied to the fibers, homogenization (with and without ultrasound), and blender application. Theeffect of those treatments on fibers was evaluated. The chemical composition of the different stages of fibers undergoingtreatment were measured according to TAPPI standards and were also analyzed by SEM, FTIR, and XRD. Trypsin wasimmobilized by adsorption and by covalent binding. The biocatalyst support-trypsin was evaluated in terms ofimmobilization yield, retention, and enzymatic activity. The experimental results demonstrated that the final celluloseconcentration in the fibers was 44 % higher than that in the raw stalks. The cellulose nanofibers obtained by homogenizationpresented a size distribution between 20-200 nm, and the application of ultrasound did not show a significant effect on size(between 50 to 300 nm). Trypsin immobilized using glycidol presented an immobilization yield of 67 % and presented higherretention and enzymatic activity (1.17±0.05 U/mg protein and 44.0±2.0 %, respectively). These results show that passionfruit stalks can be successfully used as a source of cellulose nanofibers and also can be used as carriers for the immobilizationof trypsin.

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