Evaluation of Economic Aspects and Antioxidant Activity of Botanical Extracts = 약용식물 추출물의 경제성 평가 및 항산화 효능 측정 연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

현재 인구의 연령이 전 세계적으로 고령화 사회에 진입함에 따라 각종 문제로 한국인의 인구가 급속도로 고령화되면서 노인문제가 사회문제로 대두되고 있다. 그 결과 고령화 소비자의 분포가 증가하여 고령화 친화적인 산업의 필요성이 높아졌다. 이러한 노화는 신체 구조와 생리 기능에 퇴행성 변화를 가져와 신체 민감도를 높이고 각종 질병의 발생률을 높인다. 산화스트레스에 의한 세포 손상은 노화 이론의 가장 중요한 메커니즘 중 하나이다. 현재 항산화물질로 알려진 물질은 대부분 식물성 물질이며, 활동을 나타내는 주성분은 2차 대사물 페놀화 화합물인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 식물에 대한 항산화제 연구는 오래전부터 진행되어 왔으며, 생물학적인 방어와 면역 조절을 통해 질병을 예방하거나 노화를 지연시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 항노화 기능성 물질을 발굴, 선정하기 위해 마련된 것으로, 15가지 약용식물 추출물의 항산화 활성이 조사되었다. 경제적 측면을 비교하고 15개 식물 추출물의 물과 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활동을 조사하여 총 폴리페놀 함량과 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-di-2-ethyl-benzthiazoline sulphonate (ABTS) radical scavenging activity 를 측정하였다. 15가지 식물 추출물의 경제성 평가에서는 측백, 하수오, 두충, 산사, 황정 순으로 다음과 같은 5가지의 물질이 가장 경제적으로 우수하였다. 추출 수율에서는 천문동 (38.6%, 물 추출물), 현삼 (10.5%, 물 추출물), 천문동 (10.4%, 에탄올 추출물), 황정 (9.0%, 에탄올 추출물), and 고본 (8.6%, 물 추출물) 순으로 수율이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 물 추출물보다 에탄올 추출물에서의 항산화능이 더 높게 평가되었다. 에탄올로 추출한 15가지 식물추출물을 동일한 농도인 0.5 mg/ml 로 폴리페놀 실험을 진행해 다음과 같이 측백 (21.94 mg/g extract), 정공등 (20.93 mg/g extract), 산사 (15.73 mg/g extract), 가시오갈피 (15.41 mg/g extract), 부처손 (12.47 mg/g extract) 순으로 폴리페놀 함량이 높은 5가지 물질을 나타내었다. 에탄올로 추출한 15가지 식물추출물의 DPPH 실험에서는 측백 (0.03 mg/ml, SC50), 정공등 (0.04 mg/ml, SC50), 산사 (0.12 mg/ml, SC50), 가시오갈피 (0.14 mg/ml, SC50), 부처손 (0.55 mg/ml, SC50) 순으로 다음과 같은 5가지 추출물이 가장 항산화능이 높다고 평가되었다. 마지막으로 에탄올로 추출한 15가지 식물추출물의 ABTS 실험에서는 측백 (0.04 mg/ml, SC50), 정공등 (0.05 mg/ml, SC50), 산사 (0.12 mg/ml, SC50), 가시오갈피 (0.24 mg/ml, SC50), 부처손 (1.00 mg/ml, SC50) 순으로 다음과 같은 5가지 추출물이 가장 항산화능이 높다고 평가되었다. 결론적으로, 경제성 평가와 항산화 실험을 통해 항산화능이 가장 뛰어난 측백, 정공등, 산사, 가시오갈피, 부처손 순으로 위와 같은 5가지 물질을 선정하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 5가지 물질이 앞으로 항산화 및 항노화 기능성 소재로 기대됨을 시사한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The growing population around the world has entered an aging society. As the Korean’s population ages rapidly due to various problems, the problem of the elderly has emerged as a social issue. As a result, the distribution of elderly consumers has increased, raising the need for senior-friendly industries. Aging brings degenerative changes to body structure and physiological function, increasing body sensitivity, and incidence of various diseases. Therefore, the most important risk factor that causes chronic diseases is aging. The aging theory begins with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by metabolism, accumulating damage throughout one’s lifetime. Cell damage by oxidative stress is one of the most important mechanisms in the aging theory. Thus, the effective defense system against oxidative stress is thought to play an important role in cell damage caused by ROS continuously produced in energy metabolism, and the factors involved in the defense mechanism for oxidative stress are of great interest. Currently, most of the substances known as antioxidants are plant materials, and the main ingredient with activity are the secondary metabolites called phenolic compounds. Antioxidant research on plants has long been underway, and it is known to prevent diseases or delay aging by controlling the biological defense and immune function. This study was designed to find out and select anti-aging functional materials. The antioxidant activities of 15 medicinal plants extracts were evaluated. Economic aspects were compared and antioxidant activities of water and ethanol extract of 15 botanical extracts were investigated by measuring their total polyphenol content (TPC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and 2,2'-azino-di-2-ethyl-benzthiazoline sulphonate (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. The results showed that Platycladus orientalis, Pleuropterus multiflorus, Eucommia ulmoides, Crataegus pinnatifide, and Polygonatum sibiricum were assessed to be appropriate. The botanical extracts in order of extraction yield were Asparagus cochinchinensis (38.6%, water solvent), Scrophularia buergeriana (10.5%, water solvent), Asparagus cochinchinensis (10.4%, ethanol solvent), Polyonatum sibiricum (9.0%, ethanol solvent), and Ligusticum tenuissimum (8.6%, water solvent). In addition, the antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts were higher than that of the water extracts. Thus, the antioxidant properties of ethanol-extracted botanical samples were compared by experiment. The TPC of the ethanol extract at 0.5 mg/mL was the highest in Platycladus orientalis (21.94 mg/g extract), followed by Erycibe obtusifolia (20.93 mg/g extract), Crataegus pinnatifide (15.73 mg/g extract), Eleutherococcus senticosus (15.41 mg/g extract), and Selaginella tamartscine (12.47 mg/g extract). Among the 15 botanical extracts obtained by ethanol extraction, the plant with the highest DPPH antioxidant levels was Platycladus orientalis (0.03 mg/mL, SC50), followed by Erycibe obtusifolia (0.04 mg/mL, SC50), Crataegus pinnatifide (0.12 mg/mL, SC50), Eleutherococcus senticosus (0.14 mg/mL, SC50), and Selaginella tamartscine (0.55 mg/mL, SC50). Based on the ABTS of 15 botanical extracts obtained by ethanol extraction, the order of plants with high antioxidant levels was Platycladus orientalis (0.04 mg/mL, SC50), Erycibe obtusifolia (0.05 mg/mL, SC50), Crataegus pinnatifide (0.12 mg/mL, SC50), Eleutherococcus senticosus (0.24 mg/mL, SC50), and Selaginella tamartscine (1.00 mg/mL, SC50). In conclusion, five extracts, such as Platycladus orientalis, Erycibe obtusifolia, Crataegus pinnatifide, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and Selaginella tamartscine, were finally selected as substances that are expected to be antioxidant and anti-aging functional materials through economic evaluation and antioxidant experiments.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. Introduction 1
• 2. Materials and Methods 6
• 2.1 Extraction procedure 6
• 2.2 Total polyphenol content assay 8
• 2.3 Antioxidant activity of extract 9
• 3. Results 11
• 3.1 Economic evaluation of botanical extracts 11
• 3.2 Variation of extraction yield according to extraction solvent 21
• 3.3 Total polyphenol content of extracts 24
• 3.4 DPPH radical scavenging activity 28
• 3.5 ABTS radical scavenging activity 32
• 3.6 Comparison of total polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity extracted by ethanol and water solvent for 15 botanical extracts 36
• 3.7 Comparison of total polyphenol contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity for 15 botanical extracts obtained by ethanol solvent extraction method 58
• 4. Discussion 64
• References 70
• Abstract in Korean (국문요약) 82