The growth and change of campus along the times brought not only extension of buildings and facilities but also changes in campus spatial configuration, and such changes significantly affected the adjacent district as well as the campus itself. In par...
The growth and change of campus along the times brought not only extension of buildings and facilities but also changes in campus spatial configuration, and such changes significantly affected the adjacent district as well as the campus itself. In particular, in the case of Kangwon National University campus located in the urban center of the city of Chuncheon, the campus is surrounded the urban areas in the course of area urbanization, being prevented from connection to adjacent district and urbanization, however as the adjacent district spaces that had remained isolated due to the internal street network by the formation of front gate and rear gate of the campus were connected among one another since the 1980s, the campus shaped into diverse spatial configuration centered around the boundary area where campus and adjacent district meet. The changes in the street network and designated purpose facilities nearby in tune with the growth and development of Kangwon National University campus are analyzed and estimated to have significantly affected the changes and urbanization of the spatial configuration near the campus.
This study analyzed the change of spatial configuration by classifying the spatial configuration of Kangwon National University and adjacent district into campus, adjacent district, and the entire area of campus and adjacent district depending on the period through the development and growth of Kangwon National University campus from the 1970s to the 2010s by using space syntax after grasping the status and characteristics of the campus and adjacent district in order to predict the space structural change and future look of Kangwon National University Chuncheon campus and adjacent district. This study was intended to recognize the relationship of the campus and adjacent district by analyzing and predicting the changing course of campus and adjacent district based on such analysis results and contribute to the general development of reasonable efficient campus and adjacent district as basic data for adjacent district planning by the development of the campus and city plan based on long term master plan. Such changes of spatial configuration by the eras and spaces can be summed up as follows:
1) In the 1970s when school infrastructures began to be established, the majority of the campus facilities were deployed centered around the area between Yeonjeokji and Mirae square that densely accommodated the top 5 spaces of global integration, forming the center of the spaces, and central facilities were located in the area between Narae building and college of agriculture that demonstrate high local integration, indicating high recognition and space using density. As for the global integration of adjacent district, top 5 spaces are distributed centered around Hyoja 2 dong, whereas local integration is high centered around Daeseong ro, and that is because city street system is in the form of tree type street network formed naturally instead of lattice type street network formed by city plan. Hence, such street network coincides with the distribution of buildings, and that is analyzed to be as a result of easy access to each building.
2) In the 1980s when the most facilities were built since establishment of the university, the campus facilities were deployed in the form of surrounding the university center composed of Mirae square, Yeonjeokji and grand sports arena centered around the north-south axis that connects front gate and rear gate that offer highest degree of accessibility, recognition and space utilization rate, and they are formed along the central street by the campus spaces driven by the increase in the recognition of front gate by front gate new installation and extension of the university. In the case of the adjacent district of the campus, the number of areas decreased due to arrangement of land and organization of street network by city plan, and top 10% of street spaces are densely integrated around Hyoja dong. Space recognition and space using density may be deemed as the transition of important degree between Hyoja dong and Chukhyeop junction along the formation of Kangwon University street and lattice type road network, and it is judged that residential facilities and commercial facilities were formed centered around the campus entrance in this accord.
3) In the 1990s when the university size kept spreading, the campus saw change of building deployment from existing south-north axis to east-west axis by newly shaped building group and street network along with formation of campus center space centered around Yeonjeokji 3-junction, and experienced street recognition and space using density being divided by east-west axis that links continuing education center, environment research center and forestry college in addition to existing south-north axis that links front gate, Yeonjeokji and Mirae square. In the case of the campus adjacent district street space by urbanization, space syntax analysis value increased as spatial configuration changed from west tree type formed naturally in the past to lattice type of north, east and south by city plan, and that leads to the analysis that from that period on, balanced development in earnest in the campus and adjacent district began due to the increase in the association with adjacent district, accessibility, space recognition, pedestrian accessibility and space using pattern.
4) In the 2000s when new development was sought for as local stronghold university, the campus is anticipated to increase in transportation axes from 1 axis to 3 axes through change of campus transportation system by the new installation of east gate, and the importance of inside central space, street recognition degree and space using density are expected to move further toward east-west axis. Such phenomenon is analyzed to be because new street space system centered around east-west axis was formed through new installation of east gate by short-mid term master plan. In the case of campus adjacent district, majority of the space are in the finishing stage through the stage of urbanization, and the importance of Chukhyeop 4 junction and rear gate space that are centered around Kangwon University road and Daeseong ro was shown high due to the change of street space by the formation of Daeseong ro and adjacent district arterial road. In the case of local integration, the space recognition and space using density are shown to be moving from Hyoja dong to the entire adjacent district, and such phenomenon is analyzed to be due to the nuclei multiplication by the grouping of spatial configuration from urbanization of space recognition.
5) As for the campus in the 2010s according to long term master plan, it is anticipated that inside circular arterial road will be formed through the change of spatial configuration by new installation of south gate, and along this circular arterial road, the center of street space will move toward east-west axis. Formation of inside circular arterial road is anticipated to bring decrease of global integration and spatial configuration clarity and increase in local integration, which will give rise to decrease in the entire space association, using pattern, recognition and traffic flow and increase in local space using density and pedestrian traffic. Such change, which indicates change of space from major facility centered existing single space to multi-nuclei space through grouping by the spaces, is judged to require future plan on facility shortage and inside association by the spaces. In the case of campus adjacent district, the urbanization of campus adjacent district in the 2000s is in the finishing stage, so no particular change of spatial configuration is anticipated, and change of street system by the importance of Gongji ro from new installation of Seoul-Chuncheon high way and south gate is expected. In the case of future campus adjacent district spatial configuration, the district is anticipated to stretch up to Hyoja ro and Huseok ro centered around rear gate and Chukhyeop 4 junction street, which will contribute to the increase in the importance of rear gate space later on, and the nuclei multiplication of spatial configuration is expect to continue.
This study may be deemed particular in that it performed integrated examination of the change of spatial configuration of Kangwon National University Chuncheon campus and adjacent district by the flow of eras by separating into campus and adjacent district. Such study results will be used effectively in researches on the establishment of plan for general development of areas including campus and adjacent district at a time point later on when the exchange and communication of local community grow important, and sustainable researches and efforts must be done to establish reasonable development plan and find correlation of campus and adjacent district through various analyses and researches on the spatial configuration of the campus and adjacent district to be planned about later on.