Direct Observation of Surface Potential Distribution in Insulation Resistance Degraded Acceptor-Doped BaTiO3 Multilayered Ceramic Capacitors

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Insulation resistance (IR) degradation in BaTiO3is a key issue for developing miniaturized multilayer ceramic capacitors(MLCCs) with high capacity. Despite rapid progress in BaTiO3-based MLCCs, the mechanism of IR degradation is stillcontroversial. In this study, we demonstrate the Al doping effect on IR degradation behavior of BaTiO3MLCCs by electricalmeasurements and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM). As the Al doping concentration in BaTiO3increases, IRdegradation of MLCCs seems to be suppressed from electrical characterization results. However, SKPM results reveal thatthe conductive regions near the cathode become lager with Al doping after IR degradation. The formation of conductingregions is attributed to the migration of oxygen vacancies, which is the origin of IR degradation in BaTiO3,in dielectriclayers. These results imply that acceptor doping in BaTiO3solely cannot suppress the IR degradation in MLCC even thoughless asymmetric IR characteristics and IR degradation in MLCCs with higher Al doping concentration are observed fromelectrical characterization. Our results strongly suggest that observing the surface potential distribution in IR degradeddielectric layers using SKPM is an effective method to unravel the mechanism of IR degradation in MLCCs.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Hirokazu Chazono, "dc-Electrical Degradation of the BT-Based Material for Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor with Ni internal Electrode: Impedance Analysis and Microstructure" Japan Society of Applied Physics 40 (40): 5624-5629, 2001

2 Tudor Baiatu, "dc Electrical Degradation of Perovskite-Type Titanates: III, A Model of the Mechanism" Wiley 73 (73): 1663-1673, 1990

3 Seok-Hyun Yoon, "Thermally stimulated depolarization current analysis for the dielectric aging of Mn and V-codoped BaTiO 3 multi layer ceramic capacitor" AIP Publishing 103 (103): 042901-, 2013

4 Clive A. RANDALL, "Scientific and Engineering Issues of the State-of-the-Art and Future Multilayer Capacitors." Ceramic Society of Japan 109 (109): S2-S6, 2001

5 Yuanyuan Hu, "Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy Investigation of the Role of Minority Carriers on the Switching Characteristics of Organic Field-Effect Transistors" Wiley 28 (28): 4713-4719, 2016

6 Yukio Sakabe, "Multilayer ceramic capacitors" Elsevier BV 2 (2): 584-587, 1997

7 Zhibin Tian, "Microstructure Evolution and Dielectric Properties of Ultrafine Grained BaTiO3-Based Ceramics by Two-Step Sintering" Wiley 94 (94): 1119-1124, 2011

8 Joel B. Li, "Investigating the Role of Grain Boundaries in CZTS and CZTSSe Thin Film Solar Cells with Scanning Probe Microscopy" Wiley 24 (24): 720-723, 2012

9 Shao, G, "Intensity-modulated scanning Kelvin probe microscopy for probing recombination in organic photovoltaics" 8 : 10-, 2014

10 Hyung-Soon Kwon, "Insulation-resistance degradation kinetics of bulk BaTi 1−ξ A ξ O 3−Δ and defect-chemical origin of acceptor-type(A) and doping-level(ξ) effect" AIP Publishing 120 (120): 044101-, 2016

11 Keigo Suzuki, "Insulation degradation behavior of multilayer ceramic capacitors clarified by Kelvin probe force microscopy under ultra-high vacuum" AIP Publishing 113 (113): 064103-, 2013

12 H. M. Duiker, "Fatigue and switching in ferroelectric memories: Theory and experiment" AIP Publishing 68 (68): 5783-5791, 1990

13 Han-Ill Yoo, "Electrical conductivity–defect structure correlation of variable-valence and fixed-valence acceptor-doped BaTiO3 in quenched state" Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) 11 (11): 3115-, 2009

14 Huiling Gong, "Electrical and reliability characteristics of Mn-doped nano BaTiO 3 -based ceramics for ultrathin multilayer ceramic capacitor application" AIP Publishing 112 (112): 114119-, 2012

15 Takafumi Okamoto, "Electric field concentration in the vicinity of the interface between anode and degraded BaTiO3-based ceramics in multilayer ceramic capacitor" AIP Publishing 98 (98): 072905-, 2011

16 Youn-Kyu Choi, "Effects of oxygen vacancies and grain sizes on the dielectric response of BaTiO3" AIP Publishing 97 (97): 212907-, 2010

17 Chang-Hoon Kim, "Effects of milling condition on the formation of core–shell structure in BaTiO3 grains" Elsevier BV 28 (28): 2589-2596, 2008

18 Seok-Hyun Yoon, "Dielectric nonlinear behavior of (Ba 0.95 Ca 0.05 )(Ti 0.83 Zr 0.17 )O 3 -based multi-layer ceramic capacitor" Wiley 101 (101): 1544-1553, 2018

19 Seok-Hyun Yoon, "Correlation between I (current)-V (voltage) characteristics and thermally stimulated depolarization current of Mn-doped BaTiO 3 multilayer ceramic capacitor" AIP Publishing 114 (114): 074102-, 2013

20 Talin Ayvazian, "Conductive paths through polycrystalline BaTiO 3 : Scanning probe microscopy study" AIP Publishing 109 (109): 072904-, 2016

21 Nakano, M, "Changes in the electrical conduction mechanism with the electrical degradation of $BaTiO_3$-based ceramics" 388 : 201-, 2009

22 Sakabe, Y, "Base-metal electrode capacitors" 81 : 24-, 2002

23 Hiroshi Kishi, "Base-Metal Electrode-Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors: Past, Present and Future Perspectives" Japan Society of Applied Physics 42 (42): 1-15, 2003

24 C LEE, "Ba/Ti ratio effect on oxygen re-equilibration kinetics of donor-doped BaTiO3" Elsevier BV 179 (179): 338-346, 2008