In the financial market, there are various factors of instability. One of
which, is the bank-run. The "Bank run" can be defined as a situation
where depositors rush to banks to withdraw their deposits when they
feel that their deposits are not safe in...
In the financial market, there are various factors of instability. One of
which, is the bank-run. The "Bank run" can be defined as a situation
where depositors rush to banks to withdraw their deposits when they
feel that their deposits are not safe in the case of financial market
instability. In the event of a bank run, financial companies may face
a crisis because of lack of money to withdraw. To prevent this, a
deposit insurance system was introduced. Its function is to ensure
that financial companies can pay deposits to depositors. However, the
deposit insurance system has a problem that creates a moral hazard
for financial companies. For example, if a financial company invests
in a high-yield, high-risk business, the profits from the success are
returned to the shareholders, but even if a failure occurs, the loss can
be compensated by the deposit insurance system. This can be an
incentive for financial companies to go for a risky business. In order
to solve the problems of the deposit insurance system, Korea has
implemented a differential premium system that charges insurance
premiums corresponding to the risk level of financial companies since
2014. The objective of the system is to induce sound management of
financial companies and to prevent moral hazards.
This study analyzes the effect of the differential premium system
implemented in Korea on the soundness of financial companies. With
regard to savings banks, the effect of improving soundness was
analyzed empirically by dividing them into two groups. The timeline
dividing the groups are before and after the introduction of the
differential premium system and before and after the expansion of
differential premium rates. The change of financial company's
soundness can be approached from various perspectives, but this
study focuses on the change in the evaluation index of the differential
evaluation model, which is expected to respond sensitively to the
change of soundness by introducing the differential premium system
and expanding the differential premium rates. Among the various
indicators of differential evaluation model, indicators available through
disclosure were used for the purpose of this study. BIS Capital
Adequacy Ratio and Tangible Common Equity Ratio are adopted to
analyze the ability to respond to crises. Regarding the effect of
improving the soundness management ability, the Delinquency Ratio
and Non-Performing Loan Ratio were used. For the effect of
enhancing the loss recovery ability, the Return on Assets and the
Return on Risk Weighted Assets were utilized.
For the empirical analysis, panel data extracted from the financial
statements of savings banks from 2009 to 2018 were used. In order
to improve the accuracy of the analysis, the macroeconomic variables
were controlled. In addition, it was examined further whether there is
a difference in the effect of improving the soundness of savings
banks depending on the size of the insured deposits.
First of all, when analyzing the impact of the introduction of the
differential premium system, a t-test showed a significant difference
in all dependent variable before and after the introduction of the
system. The regression analysis confirmed that the introduction of the
differential premium system had a partial effect on the improvement
of savings banks' financial soundness. The introduction of the
differential premium system did not have a statistically significant
effect on the BIS Capital Adequacy Ratio and the Tangible Common
Equity Ratio. However, it brought in a statistically significant effect
on other ratios such as Delinquency Ratio, Non-Performing Loan
Ratio, the Return on Assets, and the Return on Risk Weighted
Assets. From these results, it can be interpreted that the introduction
of the differential premium system contributes to improving the
soundness of savings banks.
Furthermore, a t-test was conducted to find the effect of expanding
the differential premium rates by dividing the period of analysis into
soft landing and full-time operation periods. The t-test demonstrated
that the difference between the BIS Capital Adequacy Ratio and the
Tangible Common Equity Ratio was not statistically significant,
whereas there was a statistically significant difference between
Delinquency Ratio, Non-Performing Loan Ratio, the Return on Assets,
and the Return on Risk Weighted Assets. On the other hand, the
regression analysis showed that the expansion of the differential
premium rates had a statistically significant effect only on the
Delinquency Ratio, an index related to improving financial soundness.
Therefore, the expansion of the differential premium rates was
considered to have a limited effect on improving the soundness of
savings banks.