탐색(Exploration)과 활용(Exploitation)의 균형: 중동 주요 산유국 사례를 중심으로 = The Balance between Exploration and Exploitation: Focusing on Major Oil Producing Countries in the Middle East

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study explains the national development strategies of major oil producing countries in the Middle East, by applying the theoretical framework of ‘exploration and exploitation’ in organizational learning suggested by March (1991) to the national level. Their cases of national development strategies is an appropriate example for explaining ‘exploration and exploitation’ at the national level as their strategies are clearly differentiated between the ‘exploration’ strategy diversifying into the non-oil and gas industries and the ‘exploitation’ strategy focusing on their existing core oil and gas industry.
Major oil producing countries in the Middle East are implementing distinct development strategies from each other. Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates are pursuing a balance between the ‘exploration’ and the ‘exploitation’ by investing their ample resources into not only the oil and gas industry but also the non-oil and gas industries. However, Saudi Arabia still needs more time to attain its intended balance, while Qatar and the United Arab Emirates are obtaining wonderful performance by flexibly transforming their national development systems. Iran and Iraq are solely depending on the ‘exploitation’ strategy which focuses on the oil and gas industry because of their insufficient resources. In spite of this clear difference between them, a balance between ‘exploration’ and ‘exploitation’ is an intermediate goal essential to every country as well as every organization, in order to secure the long-term development and sustainability.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 March(1991)가 제시한 조직 학습(Organizational learning)에 있어서의 탐색(Exploration)과 활용(Exploitation) 간 구분이라는 이론적 틀을 국가 차원에 적용하여, 중동 주요 산유국의 국가 발전 전략을 설명하였다. 중동 산유국들의 국가 전략은 현재 핵심인 석유가스 부문에 집중하는 활용(Exploitation)전략과 그 외 부문으로의 다각화라는 탐색(Exploration)전략이 명확하게 구별되므로, 국가 차원에서의 탐색(Exploration)과 활용(Exploitation)전략 추진을 뒷받침 해주는 적절한 사례라고 할 수 있다.
중동 주요 산유국들은 추진 전략 실행과 성과에 있어서 명확한 차이를 보인다. 사우디아라비아, 카타르, 아랍에미리트 연합의 경우 석유가스 부문에서 그동안 창출해왔던 막대한 수익을 바탕으로, 해당 부문 확대뿐만 아니라 비석유가스 부문으로의 다각화를 위해서도 많은 자원을 투입하며 노력을 기울이는, 즉 탐색(Exploration)과 활용(Exploitation) 간 균형을 모색하고 있다, 그런데 카타르와 아랍에미리트 연합의 경우 신속하고 유연하게 국가 자원 투입을 재편하면서 상당한 성과를 거두고 있으나, 사우디아라비아는 더 많은 시간이 소요될 것으로 예상된다. 이란과 이라크의 경우 넉넉지 않은 가용 재원으로 인해, 아직까지는 석유가스 부문 확대에 집중하는, 즉 활용(Exploitation)에 집중하는 전략을 추진하고 있다. 이와 같이 국가 전략 추진과 성과에 있어 뚜렷한 차이가 나타나고 있지만, 탐색(Exploration)과 활용(Exploitation)의 균형 있는 모색은 조직뿐만 아니라, 모든 국가에게 있어 장기적 발전과 지속가능성 확보를 위해 필수적으로 달성해야 할 중간 목표로서 기능한다.

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