서원건축의 공간구조 분석 연구 - 유네스코 세계문화유산에 등재 된‘한국의 서원’9개 사례를 중심으로 - = A Study on the Spatial Structure Analysis of Seowon Architecture - Focusing on the 9 cases of 'Korean Seowon' listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

(Background & Purpose) The purpose of this study is to calculate quantitative and objective basic data on the spatial composition of Seowon architecture in the Joseon Dynasty by quantitatively analyzing the construction and exterior space composition of nine cases of 'Korea Seowon' registered as UNESCO World Heritage in July 2019. (Methods) For objective and quantitative analysis, a Convex map of Space Syntax was first created, and the values of Connectivity, Control Value, and Integration, which are indicative values of Space Syntax, were compared and analyzed by 9 Seowon architectures. In the comprehensive analysis, the overall contents of 9 Seowon cases are integrated and reviewed through 1) analysis of the total average value by spatial syntax indicator, 2) analysis of buildings and external space, and 3) analysis of spatial syntax indicator. (Results) When the space in Seowon architecture was analyzed by dividing it into a building space and an external space, the index value of the external space was higher than that of the building in all of the connectivity, control, and integration values. In Seowon architecture, the building with the highest spatial connection was found to be the 'Gangdang' , and the building with the lowest spatial connection was found to be the‘Sadang’and the ‘Jangpan(seo)gak’. In Seowon architecture, the buildings with the highest spatial control were 'Gangdang' and 'Nugak', and the buildings with the lowest spatial control were 'Sadang'. In Seowon architecture, the area with the highest degree of space integration was the area of 'lecture space' such as 'Gangdang' , ‘Gojiksa’and 'Nugak', and the area with the lowest degree of space integration was the area of 'ritual space' such as ‘Jeonsacheong’and‘Sadang’. The 'support space' areas such as ‘Jangpangak’ and ‘Gojiksa’ are intermediate. (Conclusions) Through this study, the following conclusions can be drawn. It can be seen that the mediating role of the spatial composition occupied by the external space in Seowon architecture is very important. This is a characteristic that appears in most traditional architectures in Korea, and the external spaces serve to expand the auxiliary space and closely connect the interior spaces of the building to each other. In Seowon architecture, it was quantitatively revealed that the 'Gangdang' in the area of lecture space is the most connected, controlled, and integrated building, and the‘Sadang’, the ritual space, is the least connected, controlled, and accessible building. ‘Jangpangak’ and ‘Jangseogak’ are the support areas of the lecture space, and ‘Gojiksa’ plays a mediating role in the two areas in the intermediate position between the lecture space and the ritual space as the support area of the memorial service space.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 장석하, "조선시대 향교？서원건축 배치특성에 관한 비교연구" 대한건축학회지회연합회 7 (7): 101-107, 2005

2 김금재, "조선시대 전통 건축공간에 나타난 유교미학 연구 - 서원 건축공간을 중심으로 -" 한국디지털디자인학회 10 (10): 541-554, 2010

3 이기석, "조선시대 서원건축의 공간 분석 연구 - 도산서원과 병산서원의 비교를 중심으로 -" 한국공간디자인학회 16 (16): 73-88, 2021

4 박정해, "전통사상을 통한 서원건축의 친환경요소 분석" 한국국학진흥원 (20) : 147-178, 2012

5 김봉렬, "서원 건축" 대원사 2016

6 박현아 ; 윤재은, "병산서원에 나타난 현상학적 공간 특성 연구" 한국기초조형학회 20 (20): 107-118, 2019

7 이승우, "도산서원의 공간위계와 건축문화" 한국사상문화학회 (41) : 359-381, 2008

8 이범동 ; 이종세 ; 김주연, "공간구문론을 통한 공간분석 경향에 대한 연구" 한국공간디자인학회 15 (15): 103-116, 2020

9 김예람 ; 채정우, "공간구문론을 이용한 박물관 전시공간 분석" 한국공간디자인학회 14 (14): 81-90, 2019

10 박정해, "書院建築의 坐向 決定과 風水的 要因에 關한 硏究" 한국건축역사학회 19 (19): 49-64, 2010

11 박정해 ; 한동수, "書院建築의 主山과 案山의 風水的 特徵에 關한 硏究" 한국건축역사학회 19 (19): 21-34, 2010

12 Lee, Woojong, "Early Seowon Architecture in Gyeongsang-do: Sosuseowon and Dosanseowon" 25 (25): 13-18, 2018

13 Jeon, Youngil, "An Understanding on the Spaces of Dosan Seowon through the Gyung Philosophy of Yi Toegye" 39 : 85-130, 2000

14 Kim, Namung, "A Study on the Layout and Characteristics of Exterior Space of Seowon-Architecture in the Choson Dynasty" 3 : 401-436, 1980

15 Kwon, Sungjin, "A Study on Seowon Architecture in Chosun Dynasty" 21 : 209-224, 2002