후고 리만의 화성이론에 관한 연구 = Hugo Riemann’s Harmonic theory

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Riemann classified the concept of harmony into two kinds of theory: speculative theory and practical theory. Speculative theory deals with the meaning of chords and the explanation of thinking process in listening to music and practical theory deals with practical instruction in four-part writing. Riemann tries to come to grips with three concepts: first, from Hauptmann, the concept that there are only three functions in music, T, S, D which are the basis of all musical organization; second, from Helmholtz, that the concept of "darken" consonance is not sufficient, that we must therefore assume the existence of a subharmonic series, and that we hear every note as representing an underlying or implies harmony; and third, from Oettingen, that the minor mode is the mirror of the major, and that the only two possible consonances(major and minor triad), stand in a mirror relationship.
Riemann invented for the practical formulation of his system. The dualistic principle is stated. He explained there exist only two kind tonal relationships: one in positive order (ascending); it produces not only the major triad but also the concept of Dominant, and one in negative order (descending); it produces not only the minor triad but also the concept of Subdominant. These major and minor triad are the only consonant sonorities. Riemann calls them prime triad. The fundamental chord progression is the quintal motion. It has two kinds: the simple quintal motion and quintal counter-motion. Secondary harmonies are regarded as substitutions for the main functions T, S, and D, and are not consonant in Riemann's definition. He calls them pseudo-consonances. There are two kinds: parallel triads and leading-tone mutation.
Functional tonality may be a closed issue today, but as long as we teach conventional theory, any insight into the major lines of theoretical thought in the nineteenth century will serve to widen our horizon. Although Hugo Riemann's harmonic system was never widely accepted, it had an important meaning. The transformation theory was based on the Riemann’s theory.