(A) study on the planning characteristics for the externalization of interior space in museums according to methods of spatial composition

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined and analyzed museum space composition on the basis of the combined introduction of elements that could be externalized conditions and the boundary of the eliminated side in spatial composition elements. The externalization of interior space has been used as an important element in museum planning. Compared with other facilities, the characteristics of a museum program falls under public facilities used by many and unspecified groups. In consideration of such characteristics, making a dramatic coordination of museums creating a heterogeneous space sense is required instead of applying a stacking method of interior space and walls and doors based on space division. Furthermore, in accordance with the rapid increase awareness of an eco-friendly environment and the use of exterior materials in interior design, such spatial characteristics become something more than simply interior spaces. For this purpose, this study performed an interior space analysis based on elements consisting of exterior space and the method of composing exterior space targeting domestic museum cases, and then sorted out the externalization situations, which were embodied by planning, by their characteristics. The main details of the situation of externalization embodied by planning can be summarized below by their characteristics. First, in order to figure out the spatial composition of a museum by period, the study examined representative cases of museum architecture by periods, i.e., the classical museum architecture period, modern museum architecture period and contemporary museum architecture period, and analyzed the spatial composition methods of museum architecture in reference to preceding studies. As a result, different from the apparent change of exterior, the change of interior has been diversified in the manner of the accumulative use of historic space instead of replacing past methods with contemporary methods. Even though some externalization plans appeared in the classical museum period, there was a tendency that the spatial methods used in external space have been absorbed into the interior when they came to the contemporary period. Secondly, this study inquired into theories related to the externalization of interior space, and analyzed the composition elements of externalization. Thus, spatial composition elements inducing external sense were extracted as external style elements and external space elements. And, concepts and terms in relation to externalization used to explain the intensification of spatial differentiation were defined respectively and their differences were compared in order to reestablish a foundation of confused and mixed externalization related studies. In doing so, the externalization of interior space by space composition methods was defined as an interior space composition method in which external characteristics were applied into the building so that the interior space could be felt as if it were external. With a previous speculation in mind, the types were divided into physical externalization that means the physical situation of space by external space composition method and cognitive externalization that means the cognitive situation caused by the vagueness of a sense of boundary because the outside was projected into the inside. Thirdly, based on the analysis frame on theories and the preceding studies of externalization of interior space, the study investigated the externalization planning methods by spatial composition methods targeted to medium and large sized museums in Seoul. Planning characteristics by analysis were determined as follows. 1) If externalization planning by introducing external shape components was made of the combined style of roof and wall, it showed ① an externalization effect by means of object, ② use of exhibition room in the exhibition hall and ③ solid external composition. When the combined style of roof and pillar was introduced, it had ① externalization by means of symbolic separation of open space and ② representation characteristics of material and scale of external pillars. The introduction of the combined style of wall and pillar was used for the boundary between the commonly used part and exhibition rooms. When the combined style of wall and window was applied, characteristics included ① externalization by internal introduction of the elevation of a building, ② use as a wall surrounding the void space and ③ the externalization of a wall by means of depth of window. The characteristics of the introduction of the combined style of wall and balcony included ① the formation of externalization cognition due to the difference of spatial characteristics and ② the reinforcement of external sense by the use of planting. 2) As for the spatial characteristics of externalization by means of the elimination method of spatial composition elements, the elimination of the roof side showed externalization characteristics including ① the externalization of space using skylight, and ② externalization using closeness surrounded by walls. Spatial characteristics by eliminating walls included ① the externalization of space by means of front glass and ② relative space sense using opening of walls. Characteristics of externalization space by eliminating floor surface included ① the formation of open space showing change to story composition and ② spatial division by means of disruption of circulation and connection of gaze. This study figured out the process of externalization theoretically, and examined the spatial composition method in terms of formative aspect and spatial aspect. Further, this study demonstrated that the establishment condition of externalization could achieve a gradual increase in the sense of external space. Therefore, this study could be an important reference for the systematization of subsequent studies as the study has a spatial foundation of externalization related studies.

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