Simulation-based Evaluation of Bottleneck in a CBR Protective Facility

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As the possibility of a chemical, biological and radiological (CBR) attack increases, the importance of CBR protective facilities has been emphasized. When CBR warfare emerges, people outside the CBR protective facility should come into the facility through a decontaminating process in a Contamination Control Area (CCA) and Toxic Free Area (TFA). If a bottleneck occurs in the entering process, it may take a long time to enter the facility, which may result in casualties. However, the current design criteria of the CBR protective facility is only limited to the shielding, ventilation and filtration system and it does not consider the long time it takes to enter the facility. Thus, this research aims to propose the bottleneck evaluation model for entering procedures in a CBR protective facility based on discrete event simulation. To develop the simulation model, the procedures performed through CCA and TFA are defined and segmented. The actual time of the procedures are measured and adapted for the simulation model. After running the simulation model, two elements causing bottlenecks are selected for alternatives with adjustments. According to the simulation results, the number of airlocks is the most important element that affects the bottlenecks and the delay time is greatly decreased when increasing the number of airlocks. Finally, three new articles to complement the existing criteria are proposed. The evaluation model is expected to help in the consideration of time during the designing phase of a CBR protective facility and to help CBR protective facility managers in planning the operation of a facility in a more realistic approach.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김경민, "터널 버력처리 공정의 시뮬레이션 적용성에 관한 연구" 한국건설관리학회 8 (8): 141-149, 2007

2 정육상, "생물테러 대응체제의 문제점과 개선방안 연구" 한국경호경비학회 (22) : 113-144, 2010

3 Jong-SeokLee, "Uncertainties in the Predicted Number of Life Loss due to the Dam Breach Floods" 대한토목학회 7 (7): 81-91, 2003

4 Sim, W. S., "The air conditioning equipment system for chemical, biological, and radiological protective facility" 16 (16): 49-60, 2003

5 National Emergency Management Agency, Republic of Korea, "The Criteria and Practical Use of Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Protective Facility"

6 Thompson, B. P., "Survey of bioterrorism risk in buildings" 14 (14): 7-17, 2008

7 National Emergency Management Agency, Republic of Korea, "Standard Model of Emergency Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Protective Facility for Private Citizen"

8 Department of Defense, United States, "Security Engineering: Procedures for Designing Airborne Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Protection for Buildings, Unified Facility Criteria, 4-024-01"

9 Ministry of National Defense, Republic of Korea, "National Defense Military Facility Design Criteria - Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Protective Facility Design Book"

10 Kowalski, W., "Modeling immune building systems for bioterrorism defense" 9 (9): 86-96, 2003

11 Nakano, V. M., "Methodology to Assess Building Designs for Protection against Internal Chemical and Biological Threats" 23 (23): 14-21, 2009

12 Ma, J., "Method of bottleneck identification and evaluation during crowd evacuation process" 71 : 454-461, 2014

13 National Emergency Management Agency, Republic of Korea, "Manual of Civil Defense Equipment of Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Warfare" 2012

14 Jiang, Z. M., "Investigation and simulation on human evacuation behaviour in large hospital building in Shenyang" 71 : 101-106, 2014

15 Yang, P., "Fire emergency evacuation simulation based on integrated fire-evacuation model with discrete design method" 65 : 101-111, 2013

16 Banks, J., "Discreteevent System Simulation, 3rd Ed" Prentice-Hall 2000

17 Song, Y., "Crowd evacuation simulation for bioterrorism in micro-spatial environments based on virtual geographic environments" 53 : 105-113, 2013

18 Tan, L., "Agent-based simulation of building evacuation: combining human behavior with predictable spatial accessibility in a fire emergency" 295 : 53-66, 2015

19 Kim, Y. H., "A Study on the Efficiency Improvement of Shelter Facilities Operations in Chemical, Biological and Radiological Warfare" Yonsei University 2011