학교 공간 개선에 있어 사용자 참여디자인이 갖는 효용성 및 참여방식에 관한 사례연구 = A case study on the efficacy and methods of user participatory design in the refurbishment of school spaces

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined the efficacy and methods of user participatory design in the context of school refurbishment with cases of 5 schools (2 elementary and 3 middle schools) which took part in the ‘Happy School Project’ granted by the Ministry of Sports, Culture, and Tourism of the South Korean government in 2008. In the project, 4 schools had undertaken the refurbishment of restroom while 1 school converted a vacant classroom into a student lounge called ‘book cafe’. Data were collected by administering questionnaire surveys with 798 students and 134 teachers who had experienced before and after the refurbishment in the respective 5 schools. A series of focus group interviews, too, were carried out with 28 students and 20 teachers, in total, at the sites of each schools. The analysis of the data revealed the following: (1) the extent to which students and teachers participated in the design process was significantly related to the level of their satisfaction as well as the perceptions of behavioral changes as a result of the project; (2) teachers reported a higher level of participation than did the students, showing a greater level of satisfaction as well with the project; (3) the methods used for the participatory design included a questionnaire survey, meeting, workshop, and hands-on activity; (4) the students and teachers found it their roles to state their opinions and needs with regard to the space concerned, showing varying levels of engagement; and (5) roughly, 3 types of decision-making process were observed: that is, school-driven, designer-driven, and a mixed approach between the two. In any these 3 cases, though, it was critical for the participants to feel that their participation was fruitful and respected by the design expert whom they worked with. The results may provide design and education communities with some practical considerations for a successful application of participatory design in improving school spaces and building environments in general.

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