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      학교 공간 개선에 있어 사용자 참여디자인이 갖는 효용성 및 참여방식에 관한 사례연구 = A case study on the efficacy and methods of user participatory design in the refurbishment of school spaces

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

      This study examined the efficacy and methods of user participatory design in the context of school refurbishment with cases of 5 schools (2 elementary and 3 middle schools) which took part in the ‘Happy School Project’ granted by the Ministry of Sports, Culture, and Tourism of the South Korean government in 2008. In the project, 4 schools had undertaken the refurbishment of restroom while 1 school converted a vacant classroom into a student lounge called ‘book cafe’. Data were collected by administering questionnaire surveys with 798 students and 134 teachers who had experienced before and after the refurbishment in the respective 5 schools. A series of focus group interviews, too, were carried out with 28 students and 20 teachers, in total, at the sites of each schools. The analysis of the data revealed the following: (1) the extent to which students and teachers participated in the design process was significantly related to the level of their satisfaction as well as the perceptions of behavioral changes as a result of the project; (2) teachers reported a higher level of participation than did the students, showing a greater level of satisfaction as well with the project; (3) the methods used for the participatory design included a questionnaire survey, meeting, workshop, and hands-on activity; (4) the students and teachers found it their roles to state their opinions and needs with regard to the space concerned, showing varying levels of engagement; and (5) roughly, 3 types of decision-making process were observed: that is, school-driven, designer-driven, and a mixed approach between the two. In any these 3 cases, though, it was critical for the participants to feel that their participation was fruitful and respected by the design expert whom they worked with. The results may provide design and education communities with some practical considerations for a successful application of participatory design in improving school spaces and building environments in general.
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      This study examined the efficacy and methods of user participatory design in the context of school refurbishment with cases of 5 schools (2 elementary and 3 middle schools) which took part in the ‘Happy School Project’ granted by the Ministry of S...

      This study examined the efficacy and methods of user participatory design in the context of school refurbishment with cases of 5 schools (2 elementary and 3 middle schools) which took part in the ‘Happy School Project’ granted by the Ministry of Sports, Culture, and Tourism of the South Korean government in 2008. In the project, 4 schools had undertaken the refurbishment of restroom while 1 school converted a vacant classroom into a student lounge called ‘book cafe’. Data were collected by administering questionnaire surveys with 798 students and 134 teachers who had experienced before and after the refurbishment in the respective 5 schools. A series of focus group interviews, too, were carried out with 28 students and 20 teachers, in total, at the sites of each schools. The analysis of the data revealed the following: (1) the extent to which students and teachers participated in the design process was significantly related to the level of their satisfaction as well as the perceptions of behavioral changes as a result of the project; (2) teachers reported a higher level of participation than did the students, showing a greater level of satisfaction as well with the project; (3) the methods used for the participatory design included a questionnaire survey, meeting, workshop, and hands-on activity; (4) the students and teachers found it their roles to state their opinions and needs with regard to the space concerned, showing varying levels of engagement; and (5) roughly, 3 types of decision-making process were observed: that is, school-driven, designer-driven, and a mixed approach between the two. In any these 3 cases, though, it was critical for the participants to feel that their participation was fruitful and respected by the design expert whom they worked with. The results may provide design and education communities with some practical considerations for a successful application of participatory design in improving school spaces and building environments in general.

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      참고문헌 (Reference)

      1 남택진, "협동적 디자인 기법을 활용한 사용자 중심 디자인: 참여적 디자인 워크숍에서 컨셉도출 툴킷의 활용을 중심으로" 20-21, 2002

      2 박우장, "커뮤니티 참여디자인의 접근방법에 관한 연구- 노인회관의 사례연구를 중심으로 -" 한국실내디자인학회 13 (13): 45-55, 2004

      3 윤희철, "초등학교 건축물 외부색채에 대한 초등학생들의 선호도에 관한 연구" 5 (5): 11-21, 2006

      4 Sanoff, H., "참여디자인의 원리와 목적" 51 (51): 29-35, 2007

      5 김광범, "참여디자인 기법을 이용한 학교 계획에 관한 연구:중학교 재건축의 사례를 중심으로" 15 (15): 45-52, 1999

      6 안현찬, "주민-전문가간의 의사소통 증진을 위한 참여디자인 과정과 도구:서울시 마포구 성서한평공원 사례를 중심으로" 13-24, 2006

      7 박선형, "영국의 미래를 위한 학교건립(Building Schools for the Future) 정책 실행ㆍ운영과정 평가와 지원제도 내용 분석" 한국비교교육학회 19 (19): 99-125, 2009

      8 이영범, "사용자참여디자인을 통한 열린 놀이터 만들기- 서울 삼양초등학교 옥외공간을 중심으로 -" 한국교육시설학회 12 (12): 13-21, 2005

      9 송은아, "사용자 참여디자인의 적용 방법에 관한 연구 -일본의 지역공공시설을 중심으로-" 한국문화공간건축학회 25 (25): 77-84, 2009

      10 최목화, "사용자 참여디자인에 의한'A'유치원 놀이터 계획과정에 관한 연구" 한국주거학회 15 (15): 87-98, 2004

      1 남택진, "협동적 디자인 기법을 활용한 사용자 중심 디자인: 참여적 디자인 워크숍에서 컨셉도출 툴킷의 활용을 중심으로" 20-21, 2002

      2 박우장, "커뮤니티 참여디자인의 접근방법에 관한 연구- 노인회관의 사례연구를 중심으로 -" 한국실내디자인학회 13 (13): 45-55, 2004

      3 윤희철, "초등학교 건축물 외부색채에 대한 초등학생들의 선호도에 관한 연구" 5 (5): 11-21, 2006

      4 Sanoff, H., "참여디자인의 원리와 목적" 51 (51): 29-35, 2007

      5 김광범, "참여디자인 기법을 이용한 학교 계획에 관한 연구:중학교 재건축의 사례를 중심으로" 15 (15): 45-52, 1999

      6 안현찬, "주민-전문가간의 의사소통 증진을 위한 참여디자인 과정과 도구:서울시 마포구 성서한평공원 사례를 중심으로" 13-24, 2006

      7 박선형, "영국의 미래를 위한 학교건립(Building Schools for the Future) 정책 실행ㆍ운영과정 평가와 지원제도 내용 분석" 한국비교교육학회 19 (19): 99-125, 2009

      8 이영범, "사용자참여디자인을 통한 열린 놀이터 만들기- 서울 삼양초등학교 옥외공간을 중심으로 -" 한국교육시설학회 12 (12): 13-21, 2005

      9 송은아, "사용자 참여디자인의 적용 방법에 관한 연구 -일본의 지역공공시설을 중심으로-" 한국문화공간건축학회 25 (25): 77-84, 2009

      10 최목화, "사용자 참여디자인에 의한'A'유치원 놀이터 계획과정에 관한 연구" 한국주거학회 15 (15): 87-98, 2004

      11 Rittelmeyer, C., "느낌이 있는 학교건축" 내일을 여는 책 2005

      12 UNICEF, "United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child(UNCRC)"

      13 Sener, T., "The children and architecture project in Turkey" 16 (16): 191-206, 2006

      14 Toker, Z., "Recent trends in community design: the eminence of participation" 28 : 309-323, 2007

      15 Wikipedia, "Participatory design"

      16 류호섭, "PFI사업 학교의 설계현황과 새로운 학교건축을 위한 제언" 14 (14): 101-107, 2007

      17 Bennett, N., "Open Plan Schools" Schools Council Publishing/NFER 1980

      18 Sanoff, H., "Multiple views of participatory design" 2 (2): 57-69, 2007

      19 SECO, "High Performance Sustainable School Design"

      20 Edgerton, E., "Glasgow’s PPP School initiative (Project 2002): An evaluation of school environments and their impact on students and staff" University of Paisley 2004

      21 Woolner, P., "Getting together to improve the school environment: user consultation, participatory design and student voice" 10 (10): 233-248, 2007

      22 Percy-Smith, B., "From consultation to social learning in community participation with young people. Children" 16 (16): 153-179, 2006

      23 Holsti, O. R., "Content analysis. in: The Handbook of Social Psychology" Addison-Wesley Publishing Company 1968

      24 Sanoff, H., "Community participation methods in design and planning" John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2000

      25 "Building the Education Revolution"

      26 Davies, M, "Building learning pedagogy. in: TAKE 8, Learning Spaces: The transformation of spaces for the 21st century" Australian Institute of Architects 2009

      27 Clark, H., "Building Education: The role of the physical environment in enhancing teaching and research" University of Leeds, September Institute of Education 2002

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