Initial entry stage of interpersonal interaction play a critical and indispensable role in the enduring relationships with others in one's social interaction. Despite the extensive body of literature addressing initial face-to-face communication, ther...
Initial entry stage of interpersonal interaction play a critical and indispensable role in the enduring relationships with others in one's social interaction. Despite the extensive body of literature addressing initial face-to-face communication, there have been very few studies on the initial stage of interpersonal communication in immersive social virtual reality (ISVR) environments. Within virtual spaces, interactions are facilitated by avatars, which serve as both the users' digital self-representations and agents. In this context, it is crucial to understand how these avatars' mediated communication cues influence the initial entry stages of virtual social interactions. This study aims to examine the influences of nonverbal communication cues exhibited by avatars on communication outcomes during initial interaction in ISVR. Specifically, the study investigates the influences of inter-avatar distance, avatar gender, and avatar attractiveness as nonverbal communication cues on individuals' self-disclosure during the initial interaction in context of ISVR. To this end, 54 college students participated in an experiment involving interactive sessions utilizing Meta's Horizon Workrooms, a VR work collaboration platform. During each session, participants engaged in interactions with confederates of the opposite sex, thereby fostering interpersonal engagements within the experimental context. The data observed from 2 (avatar gender: male vs. female) × 2 (inter-avatar distance: close vs. far) × 2 (physical attractiveness of the interlocutor's avatar: high vs. low) between-subjects design were analyzed using both frequentist and Bayesian approach. The results showed that there were significant main effects of inter-avatar distance, avatar gender, and avatar’s physical attractiveness on individuals' self-disclosure during the initial interaction in ISVR. Thus, participants employed self-disclosure strategies characterized by higher levels of quantity and intimacy when the inter-avatar distance was closer, when the avatar was female, or the avatar was attractive. Additionally, a weak interaction effect between inter-avatar distance and the physical attractiveness of the interlocutor's avatar on self-disclosure was found. The empirical findings of this study imply to emphasize the interrelation between the user's perception of personal spatial boundaries and the physical attractiveness of the interlocutor within the context of ISVR. This study sought to extend knowledge from the field of interpersonal communication to the realm of virtual space by verifying the potential impact of nonverbal communication cues mediated through avatars in an ISVR environments. This attempt will not only expand our conceptual and emprical understanding of social interactions, but also help lay a strong foundation for devising more effective communication strategies in technologically mediated social interactions in the future.