18-19세기 초 英國의 政治的 近代化 = A Study on the Political Modernization of England in the 18th and the Early 19th Century

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

"Modernization" is a suggestive word full of various meanings. The process of modernization has been destructive as well as creative, increasing unprecedentedly the expectations of the moderns. And it is one of the most challenging problems to the moderns. Even in the most developed countries of the modern world, the process of modernization is still going on in some aspect of the society. Having its own traditional value and system, each country has revealed distinguished particularities in the process of modernization. But some common characteristics have also been observed, which makes it possible to discuss the modernization on the whole.
The political leadership is important in the process of modernization. England has rightly understood and faithfully fulfilled the ideas and values of democracy. Its leaders were the middle-class elites(bourgeoisie). They considered the functions of political parties, the establishment of political leadership and the role of government and bureaucracy to be important.
The 18th∼19th century England achieved innovations without going through revolutions. The reasons are that England at that time had such anti-revolutionists as political leaders, capitalists and Methodists, but no poor farmers, and that she had the reasonable institutions and systems and the parliamentary ability to solve problems rationally. The democratic and parliamentary institutions of England were models to the other European countries at that time.