Impact of cultivar and environment soil suitability on the contribution of yield components to grain yield variation in spring wheat

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The objectives of this study were to determine how modern cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. vulgare) and different soil conditions at locations in Poland affected grain yield (GY) of 15 cultivars and multiplicative yield components. The different ways in which the components contributed to GY variation created by environmental conditions—location, growing season, and crop management—across environments of favorable and unfavorable soil suitability for wheat cultivation were also determined. To assess the relationship between GY and its components for cultivars grown under two levels of soil suitability, path coefficient analysis was used. Cluster analysis of three GY components—the number of spikes per square meter (SN), the number of grains per spike (NG/S), and the thousand‐grain weight (TGW)—derived from different cultivar × soil suitability combinations was performed to identify groups of these combinations and to assess the ways in which yield components vary in their contribution to GY in the varied environments. Grain yield and its three components were significantly affected by main and interaction effects of the cultivar and the level of soil suitability. Grain yield in favorable and unfavorable soil suitability conditions was, respectively, 6.58–5.44 Mg ha−1. This decrease was due to a reduction in SN by 6.1% and in TGW by 11.8%, but NG/S was similar in both soil groups. Grain yield variability in response to the different environmental conditions was determined by similar contributions of the three yield components, almost independently of the cultivar, but in the favorable suitability, SN had a stronger impact on GY, whereas in unfavorable soil suitability for wheat cultivation, the importance of NG/S increased.