蒙古自治政府의 成立背景 = A Study on Historical Backgrounds of Mongolian Autonomy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Under the Manchus, the banner system was introduced to Mongols. These banners were ruled by hereditary princes, and Mongolian hardsman was rarely affected by the presence of Manchu representative. The principal of autonomy of this system was responsible in great measure for the long and relatively successful Ching rule over Mongolia. This was very effective in crippling the ruling strata of the Mongols in the military forces, and also the driving force of the Mongolian the growth of the Lama church and enlarging the influence of its leaders, Mongols were incompetent economically and mentally.
At the end of the nineteen century, Russian influence and pressure greatly increased and come to bear on Mongolia. The Ching government was in the process of changing its frontier policy to check Russian southward advance. The traditional Ching policy of exclusion had to be abandoned in favor of a more aggressive effort to tie this region firmly to the center. Mongolia were opened to large-scale colonization. The penetration of Chinese merchant or the usurious credit system was the most important catalyst of discontent, and bore a heavy responsibility for the impoverishment of Mongolia and eventually created tremendous disruptions in Mongol society. Multinier and riots began occuring since 1880.
Mongolian princes help a meeting to discuss a united response to Ching government and decided that the Mongols should declare independence and that Russian assistance would be neccessary to win it. On October 10, revolution broke out in china. Affairs took a turn favorable for the Mongols. On December 1, the Autonomous government was established.
Soome scholars have been developing the theme of Russian provocation and manipulation to explain the Mongolan Autonomy. But the explanation is not satisfactory. Mongolian policy of russia before 1911 was restricted to the commercial interest. Russia totally accepted the Chinese suzerainity on Mongolia. In fact Russian intervention did not take place until after the Mongol declaration of independence was proclaimed in December 1911. Therefore, if we ignore the important role of Mongolian in their own history, we cannot adequately understand the Mongolian Autonomy.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 問題의 提起
• Ⅱ. 淸朝下의 豪古社會
• Ⅲ. 淸·露의 對豪正策
• 1. 淸朝의 對豪正策
• 2. Russia의 對豪正策
• Ⅳ. 封建社會의 矛盾의 深化와 淸朝의 植民政策
• Ⅴ. 自治政府의 成立過程
• Ⅵ. 結 論