‘이데올로기로서의 포퓰리즘’에 대한 비판적 고찰 = A Critical Consideration on ‘Populism as an Ideology’

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Populism is one of the central features of the contemporary political landscape.
This article is to reconsider populism as an ideology with a critical eye, particularly Mudde’s minimal definition of populism as thin ideology, which is entirely on the authority of Freeden’s ‘morphological approach.’ It is argued that populism is problematic to be prescribed as a distinct ideology both conceptually and methodologically. Populism doesn’t have a consistent perspective and it is simply a formal framework which interprets ‘the political’ in the particular interaction of its core concepts. Further, Freeden’s ‘thin-centeredness’ exposes spurious and inappropriate conceptual foundation and its entailing methodological inconsistencies, and it also fails to account for the degree of populism, locked in a dichotomous framework with normative implications. Consequently, these negative connotations seriously undermine the validity of conceptualization of populism as an ideology.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

포퓰리즘은 현대 정치 지형의 핵심적인 특징의 하나다. 이 글은 포퓰리즘에 대한 기존의 개념화 범주 중 ‘이데올로기로서의 포퓰리즘’, 특히 프리든(Freeden)의형태학적 접근법(morphological approach)에 의거한 뮈데(Mudde)의 ‘약한(thin) 이데올로기’로서의 포퓰리즘에 대한 최소한의 정의를 비판적인 시각에서 이론적으로 재고한다. 요지는 포퓰리즘을 뚜렷이 구별되는 하나의 이데올로기로 규정짓기에는 개념적·방법론적으로 문제가 많다는 것이다. 포퓰리즘은 ‘정치적인 것’ 을 해석하는 단순한 형식적인 틀로서 일관된 관점을 가지고 있지 못하다. 또한 프리든의 ‘약한 중심성(thin-centeredness)’의 비논리적이고 부적절한 개념적 토대, 이에 수반되는 방법론적 모순, 그리고 이분법적인 틀에 갇혀 포퓰리즘의 정도를설명할 수 없다는 점은 포퓰리즘을 ‘약한 이데올로기’로 개념화하는 것의 타당성을 심각하게 훼손시킨다.

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