조선전기 洪任의 관직 활동 = The Bureaucratic Activities of Hong Im in the first half of the Joseon Dynasty

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본고는 15세기 중엽부터 16세기 초기까지 관료로 활동한 홍임에 대해 가계와 초기 사환, 성종대 목민관으로서의 활동, 연산군·중종대 정치 격변기의 관직 생활에 대해 살펴보았다.
홍임의 선대는 고려 중·후기에 고위직 관료로 많은 활약을 했으나, 고려말에는 쇠락하였고, 조선 초기의 인물인 홍임의 할아버지와 아버지는 사적(史籍)에서 흔적을 찾을 수 없다. 음관으로 벼슬길에 나아간 홍임은 뛰어난 무재(武才)와 이재(吏才)를 지니고 있었으며, 성종대에 서반직과 목민관으로 활약하면서 서서히 조선왕조의 새로운 관료군에 편입되어 갔다. 특히 아버지의 사환을 배경으로 문과에 급제한 아들 홍경주가 중종반정에 참여하여 정국일등공신으로 책훈되자, 이후 홍임은 공신의 아버지로서 음직 가자(蔭職加資)까지 더하게 되었고, 재상급 관료로 중앙조정의 정책논의에도 참여하면서 정치 관료로서의 역할도 수행했다. 이와 같은 홍임의 관직 진출과 활동은 남양홍씨 가문의 이해는 물론, 홍임-홍경주 부자의 관력(官歷)을 통해 여말선초에 한때 쇠락했던 가문이 득세하는 과정을 볼 수 있으며, 조선왕조 관료제 사회의 일면을 이해하는 데에도 도움을 준다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article examines about Hong Im, who served as a bureaucrat from the mid-15th century to the early 16th century, in the field of his family tree, his early governmental job, his activities as a Mokmin-gwan during King Seongjong's reign, and his life as a public servant during political upheaval in Yeonsan-gun and Joongjong periods.
Hong Im’s predecessors played a lot of political roles as a high office during the middle and late Goryeo Dynasty, but their prestige collapsed with the end of the Goryeo Dynasty. Hong Im’s father and grandfather, who were figures of early Joseon Dynasty, were not found in any historical records. Hong Im held a government post by benefiting from ancestors’ virtue system(Um-suh system). He had outstanding abilities both in martial arts and governing people, so he gradually incorporated himself into the new bureaucracy of the Joseon Dynasty while he worked as Surban-jik and Mokmin-gwan during King Seongjong’s reign. In particular, when his son Hong Kyung-ju, who had passed the civil service examination in the background of his father’s governmental post, was awarded as Prime Jooonggook Gongshin for participating in the Joongjong Rebellion, Hong Im, as a father, was elevated to higher position in public office in a way called Umjik-Gajah. As a result, he held a role high as a prime minister and participated in policy discussions on central coordination. Hong Im’s activities as bureaucrat can help understanding not only in the way of studying the Namyang Hong Family, but also in the way of how once-decreased family in early Joseon can regain its power back by using Hong Im and Hong Kyung-jus’ governmental power. Furthermore, it helps in understanding the aspects of Joseon Dynasty’s bureaucratic society.