루소의 感性 = SENSIBILITY OF ROUSSEAU

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The 18th century in the history of French literature was not only a century of philosophers smitten with reasoning or of scientists anxious to observe and to experiment. This manner of critical reason and of science dominated really only during the first half of the century. From 1750 the criticisms against philosophy were multiplied. The origins of this movement are remote and multiple. In literature from the first half of the century one is tired with the criticisms that formulate the rules and measure the beauty of a work according to reason. One replaces this criticism by the criticism of sentiment. The man of classical period submits his sentiment to a reasonable will. But after 1720-30 the man attends to the awaking of the sensibility. People admit that they can't have any humanity and generosity without sensibillity. This sensibility above all is diffused in literature. Then even the most scientific writers make a concession to the sensitive soul, as the classicists do it in the elegance of precious salons. This new disposition modifies deeply the literary manner. After 1750 sensibility invades all fields of French literature. The reaction against the spirit with the withering of rationalism becomes irresistible. Rousseau, impetuous soul, amplifies the reaction and plays the important role in the sentimental transformation of French literature, that is vowed to ravishment and to tears.
The originality of Rousseau is owing in part to his birth and to his formation. He is the type of the sentitive man. His sensibility is excessive. This excessive sensibility comes from at first his reading of novels in disorder, aferwords it is more developed by having intercourse with several girls and women, above all with Madame Warents. Such character is growing more and more until he become a dreamer at the age of 45. In the remembrances of diverse times of his existence, he sees that he is in the decline of his life, without tasting in plenty delightful pleasures, without filling his empty heart with sensual passion. The impossibility to attain to a really beautiful woman throws him into a visionary world. There he nourishes two pretty women and forms them according to his creative imatination. That is why he can write la Nouvelle He´loi¨se.
La Nouvelle He´loi¨se comes from a voluptuous dream reformed in moral instruction. The praise of simple existence where the passion cools down in the practice of the humble duty, such is the achievement of this passionate novel. The novel of passion becomes a novel of conjugal fidelity and of happiness. Indeed the bizarre sensibility of Rousseau imagines enough false situation in order to praise virtue. But he does not put there hypocrisy. This novel was born spontaneously of his soul and his genius. But Rousseau analyzes the sentiments with delicacy, and makes observations on love that announce the modernest psychology.
Rousseau is one of the most powerful innovators in the history of French literature; he is also the initiator of the modern world. He inaugurated a new manner to "feel" and to "write". The disturbance which he provoked with his sensibility and his passion was propagated one after another to all the domains: social, political, philosophical, religious and literay. He opposed to "I think, so I am", "I feel, so we are".

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 序 論
• 2. 18世紀와 感性의 進化
• 3. 루소와 感性
• 4. La Nouvelle He´lei¨se
• 5. 루소의 感性이 준 影響
• 6. 結 論