Graphene-MnO composite and hollow-structured MnO powders are prepared by a simple one-pot spray pyrolysis process. Based on the results of thermogravimetric analysis, the graphene content in the graphene-MnO composite powder is estimated to be 10 wt.%...
Graphene-MnO composite and hollow-structured MnO powders are prepared by a simple one-pot spray pyrolysis process. Based on the results of thermogravimetric analysis, the graphene content in the graphene-MnO composite powder is estimated to be 10 wt.%. Furthermore, morphological analysis of the graphene-MnO composite powder indicate that the fine MnO crystals of size several tens of nanometers are uniformly distributed all over the graphene. The BET specific surface areas of the graphene-MnO composite and hollow-structured MnO powders are found to be 20 and 5 m2 g-1, respectively. The graphene-MnO composite powders have high initial discharge and charge capacities of 1207 and 849 mA h g-1, respectively, at a current density of 500 mA g-1. The initial discharge and charge capacities of the hollow-structured MnO powders are 1004 and 673 mA h g-1, respectively. The discharge capacities of the graphene-MnO composite and hollow-structured MnO powders for the 130th cycle at a current density of 500 mA g-1 are 1313 and 701 mA h g-1, respectively. In the measurement of the rate performances, the gap between the discharge capacities of both the graphene-MnO composite and hollow-structured MnO powders increases with increase in the current densities.
Hierarchically structured tin oxide-reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-carbon composite powders are prepared using a one-pot spray pyrolysis process. SnO nanoflakes several hundred nanometers in diameter and a few nanometers thick are uniformly distributed over the micron-sized spherical powder particles, as are ultrafine nanometer-scale SnO2 particles. The initial discharge and charge capacities of the tin oxide-RGO-carbon composite powders at a current density of 1000 mA g-1 are 1543 and 1060 mA h g-1, respectively. The discharge capacity of the tin oxide-RGO-carbon composite powders after 175 cycles is 844 mA h g-1 and the capacity retention measured from the second cycle is 80%. The transformation during cycling of SnO nanoflakes, uniformly dispersed in the tin oxide-RGO-carbon composite powder, into ultrafine nanocrystals, results in hollow nanovoids that act as buffers for the large volume changes that occur during cycling, and thereby improve the cycling and rate performance of the tin oxide-RGO-carbon composite powders.
Nickel sulfide-reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite powders with spherical shapes were prepared by a one-pot spray pyrolysis process. The optimum mole ratio of nickel nitrate and thiourea to obtain nickel sulfide–RGO composite powders with high initial capacities and good cycling performance is 1:8. The bare nickel sulfide and nickel sulfide–RGO composite powders prepared directly by spray pyrolysis from spray solutions with Ni nitrate and thiourea in a mole ratio of 1:8 had mixed crystal structures of hexagonal -NiS and cubic Ni3S4 phases. The bare nickel sulfide powders were prepared from the spray solution without graphene oxide sheets. The nickel sulfide–RGO composite powders had sharp mesopores approximately 3.5 nm in size. The discharge capacities of the nickel sulfide–RGO composite powders for the 1st and 200th cycles at a current density of 1000 mA g-1 were 1046 and 614 mA h g-1, respectively, and the corresponding capacity retention measured from the second cycle was 89%. However, the discharge capacities of the bare nickel sulfide powders for the 1st and 200th cycles at a current density of 1000 mA g-1 were 832 and 16 mA h g-1, respectively, and the corresponding capacity retention measured from the second cycle was 2%. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements revealed the high structural stability of the nickel sulfide–RGO composite powders during cycling.