부산광역시 지하철역의 실내공기오염 특성 및 예측 = Indoor air pollution characteristic and prediction at subway stations in BusanMetropolitan City

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is designed to estimate the indoor/outdoor air quality in subway stations that have the underground platforms in Busan Metropolitan City, from September 2000 to January 2003, over nineteen times. The sampling stations were Yeonsan-dong, Seomyeon, Busan station, Nampo-dong, and Dusil station. Nineteen measurements were performed at three separated points of each station, i.e. gate, ticket gate and platform from September 2000 to January 2003. The major materials for analysis are gaseous phase CO, NO, NO₂, and O₃.
In order to understand underground environment, temperature and relative humidity were measured and the average daily subway passengers and ventilation rates were investigated. In addition, the real time traffic volume datas from the Busan Police Bureau was used to examine the relationship between gases pollutant and traffic volumes.
Since Seomyeon station is junction, the investigation was made by two parts. In order to compare indoor air quality with outdoor air quality, the ratio of indoor and outdoor concentration is estimated, and hourly averaged volume of traffic from 1700 to 2000 LST is analyzed to see the effect of the traffic.
The variation of CO concentration showed us below the standard of the multiple usage equipment standard at the ticket gate and platform in every station. In case of NO₂it exceeded the standard of the multiple usage equipment standard at the ticket gate and platform Busan station frequently. This is thought to be the influence of a vehicle exhaust gas from heavy traffic volume around Busan station. The variation of O₃concentration exceeded the standard of the multiple usage equipment standard at the ticket gate and platform in Yeonsan-dong station.
The Seasonal variation of CO, NO, and NO₂concentration was high at Busan station in spring, at Seomyeon station in summer and autumn, and at Nampo-dong station in winter. This is considered to be influence of heavy traffic volume. In case of O₃, it was high at Yeonsan-dong station in spring, summer, and autumn. As we regarded gate as outdoor, platform as indoor, I/O ratios(Indoor/Outdoor) showed highly us tendency at Yeonsan-dong station and Seomyeon station.
We analyzed the concentration distribution at 1900 LST data, from January 2000 to October 2004, at Yeonsan-dong site, Gwangbok-dong site, Beomcheon-dong(Jeonpo-dong) site, Bugok-dong site which located around subway station. The major materials for analysis are CO, NO₂, O₃, SO₂, and PM_(10).
For 5 years, the variations of CO and NO₂concentration decreased gradually at Yeonsan-dong, Gwangbok-dong, and Beomcheon-dong(Jeonpo- dong) site. The variation of O₃concentration increased gradually from 2002 to 2004 at every site. The variation of SO₂concentration decreased gradually from 2000 to 2003 and increased at every site in 2004. The variation of PM10 concentration decreased gradually from 2000 to 2003 and increased in 2004 at every sites. It didn't exceed the environmental standards(1hr, 8hr, 24hr) at every sites (for CO, NO₂, O₃, SO₂, and PM_(10)). In case of SO₂, it were higher at commercial zone such as Gwangbok-dong site and Beomcheon-dong(Jeonpo-dong) site than others. This is due to vehicle exhaust gas from heavy traffic volume around the site. Because it is easy for indoor air quality to be influenced by that of outdoor, it needs continuous the policy of the decrease.
We used the risk verison of IAQ model to predict for CO and NO₂the concentration at the ticket gate and platform of subway stations (Yeonsan-dong station, Seomyeon station, Busan station, Nampo-dong station). It represented that observation corresponded with the prediction over R²=0.9 at most subway stations. The indoor concentration was appeared highly as that of outdoor was high. It means that the indoor air quality was influenced by that of outdoor. It is essential for operation of air cleaner to reduce indoor pollutants at the ticket gate and platform of each station.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• List of Tables = ⅴ
• List of Figures = ⅵ
• 제 1장 서론 = 1
• 1.1 연구배경 및 목적 = 1
• 1.1.1 연구배경 = 1
• 1.1.2 연구목적 = 2
• 1.2 이론적 고찰 = 4
• 1.2.1 외국 주요도시의 지하철역 실내공기질 관리 = 4
• 1.2.2 국외 실내공기질 관리 동향 = 5
• 1.2.3 국내 실내공기질 관리 동향 = 9
• 1.2.3.1 실내공기질 관리 기본 계획 수립 · 확정 = 9
• 1.2.3.2 실내공기질 관리 = 10
• 1.3 실내공기오염물질의 생성과정 및 영향 = 14
• 1.3.1 CO의 생성과정 및 영향 = 14
• 1.3.2 NO_(X)의 생성과정 및 영향 = 16
• 1.3.3 O₃의 생성과정 및 영향 = 18
• 1.4 논문의 구성 = 20
• 제 2장 부산광역시 지하철역의 실내공기오염도 측정 = 21
• 2.1 조사기간 및 연구방법 = 21
• 2.1.1 측정 조사 개요 = 21
• 2.1.2 측정방법 및 분석방법 = 25
• 2.2 부산광역시 지하철역의 특성 = 26
• 2.2.1 환기시스템 = 26
• 2.2.2 교통량 및 유동인구 = 27
• 제 3장 지하철역의 실내공기오염도 측정결과 및 분석 = 30
• 3.1 지하철역의 온 · 습도 분포 = 30
• 3.2 전체 역별 실내공기오염물질 농도 분포 = 32
• 3.2.1 CO = 32
• 3.2.2 NO = 37
• 3.2.3 NO₂ = 40
• 3.2.4 O₃ = 43
• 3.3 계절에 따른 실내공기오염물질 역별 변화 = 46
• 3.3.1 CO = 46
• 3.3.2 NO = 48
• 3.3.3 NO₂ = 49
• 3.3.4 O₃ = 50
• 3.4 실내공기오염물질별 I/O비 분석 = 52
• 3.4.1 이론적 배경 = 52
• 3.4.2 승강장을 실내로 보았을 때의 I/O비 분석 = 54
• 3.4.3 개찰구와 승강장을 실내로 보았을 때의 I/O비 분석 = 64
• 3.5 환승역이 있는 서면역 승강장의 오염물질농도 분포 분석 = 69
• 3.5.1 서면역 승강장 1과 2의 계절별 농도 분포 분석 = 69
• 3.5.2 서면역 승강장 1과 2의 계절별 I/O비 분석 = 70
• 제 4장 부산광역시 대기질 분석 = 72
• 4.1 CO 농도 분포 = 75
• 4.2 NO₂ 농도 분포 = 78
• 4.3 O₃ 농도 분포 = 83
• 4.4 SO₂ 농도 분포 = 89
• 4.5 PM_(10) 농도 분포 = 94
• 제 5장 수치모형에 의한 지하철역 실내공기오염도 예측 = 102
• 5.1 이론적 배경 = 102
• 5.2 리스크 모형(Risk model)의 구조 = 104
• 5.2.1 질량 균형 방정식(Mass balance equations) = 104
• 5.2.2 소스항(Source terms) = 105
• 5.2.3 싱크항(Sink terms) = 106
• 5.2.4 폭로(Exposure) = 107
• 5.3 기초방정식 = 108
• 5.3.1 소스모형(Source models) = 108
• 5.3.1.1 경험감쇠모형(Empirical decay models) = 108
• 5.3.1.2 질량전달모형(Mass-transfer based models) = 109
• 5.3.2 싱크(Sink) = 113
• 5.3.3 기류(Air flows)와 에어클리너(Air cleaner) = 114
• 5.4 부산광역시 지하철역의 실내공기오염도 예측 = 117
• 5.4.1 지하철역 실내공기의 실측농도와 예측농도 비교 = 117
• 5.4.1.1 CO = 118
• 5.4.1.2 NO₂ = 119
• 5.4.2 수치모형을 이용한 지하철역의 실내공기오염 농도 예측 = 123
• 5.4.2.1 CO = 123
• 5.4.2.2 NO₂ = 124
• 5.4.3 대기오염 고농도일의 지하철역 실내공기오염 농도 예측 = 127
• 5.4.3.1 CO = 128
• 5.4.3.2 NO₂ = 129
• 제 6장 결론 = 131
• 참고문헌 = 134
• Abstract = 148
• 감사의 글 = 151