키르쿠크 문제로 보는 이라크 쿠르드 독립 가능성 연구 = A Study on the Possibility of Iraqi Kurdistan Independence through Kirkuk Issue, the Disputed Territory

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This research studied on Iraqi Kurds, as “the Biggest Minority Groups” which divided into regions of Turkey, Syria, Iran and Iraq. The hypothesis in this research is if Iraqi Kurdistan take dominant control power in the oil-rich Kirkuk province, it could be the first big step of independence from Iraq, further to establish “Kurdistan”. In this perspective, this research explored why is Kirkuk so important to Iraqi Kurds, what is the base that the claim Kirkuk is the right control to Kurdish and contains to Kurdish area, what makes Kirkuk the disputed place, and how Kirkuk issues affect the Kurdish Independence in Iraq. To perform subjects and prove the hypothesis, it mentioned the geopolitical importance of Kirkuk and pointed out that the place is very related to Iraqi Kurds historically, culturally and emotionally. Kirkuk issues emerged implementation of Article 140 of the Constitution, which contained contents of census and referendum issued in August 2006. As long as Iraqi Kurds govern Kirkuk, it is advantageous to status of Iraqi Kurds to internal and external. However, neither Kurdistan Regional Government or Iraq Central Government can exercise full power until whose possession of the sovereignty of Kirkuk. Further it will be expected that Kirkuk issues determine whether Kurd remains a part of Iraq or not in the future. It is not an exaggeration to say Kirkuk will determine the fate of the entire Iraq as one of the biggest variable issues.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 장병옥, "쿠르드족 배반과 좌절의 역사 500년" 한국외국어대학교 출판부 1995

2 공지현, "쿠르드족 민족주의 운동: 기원과 전개 양상을 중심으로" 18 (18): 1999

3 홍순남, "이라크의 쿠르드족 저항운동" 14 : 1995

4 남옥정, "이라크 대 쿠르드 정책으로 귀결된 포스트 사담 이라크의 쿠르드족 지위변화 고찰-아랍화와 강제이주 정책을 중심으로" 2010

5 이태숙, "바그다드의 구심력과 쿠르드지역의 원심력 사이: 이라크 쿠르드족에 대한 20세기 전반 영국의 정책" 중동연구소 24 (24): 3-40, 2006

6 유왕종, "마흐디민병대와 이라크 쉬아파 제도권 진입 과정에 관한 연구" 중동연구소 28 (28): 135-160, 2010

7 Al-Sharqiyah, "مسعود البارزاني يزور محافظة كركوك لاول مرة بعد انس" ,( 20142014-8-10 ) "حاب الجيش منها"

8 "http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/596/24/IMG/NR059624.pdf?OpenElement"

9 RT.com, "World's most dangerous': Iraq’s retaken Mosul Dam could cause 500,000 deaths in days"

10 Henri J. Barkey, "Turkey and iraq: The Perils and Prospects) of Proximity" USIP 2005

11 Anna Mulrine, "This Land is My Land; The big stakes and bubbling tension-over who will control Iraq's oil capital, US News and World Report" 2007

12 The Economist, "The Other Jerusalem"

13 "The Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period(a.k.a. Transitional Administrative Law)" The Coalition Provisional Authority

14 McDowall, David, "The Kurds: A Nation Denied" Minority Right Group 1992

15 Izady, Mehrdad R.., "The Kurds: A Concise Handbook" Taylor&Francis International Publishers 2002

16 Kenneth Katzman, "The Kurds in Post-Saddam Iraq" 2005

17 Ferris, Elizabeth, "The Future of Kirkuk: The Referendum and Its Potential Impact on Displacement" The Brookings Institution 2008

18 David Romano, "The Future of Kirkuk" 6 (6): 2007

19 Nathan J. Brown, "The Final Draft of the Iraqi Constitution: Analysis and Commentary" Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 2005

20 Lionel Beehner, "The Challenge of Iraq's Other Cities; Kirkuk" Council on Foreign Relations 2006

21 IOM, "Tameem/Kirkuk: Post February 22 Emergency IDP Monitoring and Assessments"

22 Borzou Daragahi, "Security may trump ethnicity in Kirkuk"

23 UN.org, "Security Council Resolution 688"

24 Sevim, Tuğçe Varol, "Rethinking past, today and future of Kirkuk and its black gold" International Association of Social Science Research-IASSR 2013

25 Michael O'hanlon, "Resolving the Kurdish Dilemma" 2 : 2007

26 Hanauer, Larry, "Resolving Kirkuk: Lessons Learned from Settlements of Earlier Ethno-Territorial Conflicts" National defense Research Institute 2012

27 Jabar Qadir, "Qaḍāyā Kurdiyah Mu'āṣirah"

28 Chaliand, Gerard, A, "People without A Country; The Kurds and Kurdistan" Olive Brench Press 1993

29 ABCNEWS, "Obama: Mosul Dam No Longer Under ISIS Control"

30 Hugh Naylor, "Now controlled by Kurds, Kirkuk oil fields are up for grabs"

31 Muhammad, Khaleel Ismael, "Muwashirāt siyāsatul ta‘rīb wal-tahjīr fī ’qlīm Kurdistān al-‘irāq" Ṣalāḥ al-dīn University 2002

32 Sarah D.Shields, "Mosul Before Iraq" State University of NewYork Press 2000

33 Steve Fainaru, "Kurds Reclaiming Prized Territory In Northern Iraq; Repatriation by Political Parties Alerts Demographics and Sparks Violence"

34 Muhammad Ahsan, "Kurdistan wa dawamat al-harb" Dar al-hikma 2000

35 Hamza Hendawi, "Kurdish Leader Warns of Iraqi Civil War"

36 Entessar, Nader, "Kurdish Ethnonationalism" Lynne Rienner Publishers 1992

37 Reuters, "Iraqi Kurds link Kirkuk to own oil pipeline, plan more exports"

38 BBC News, "Iraqi Kurds 'fully control Kirkuk' as army flees"

39 Reuters, "Iraqi Arab families ready to leave Kirkuk-Minister"

40 Sumedha Senanayake, "Iraq: Kurds Warn Against Delaying Kirkuk Referendum"

41 Helms, Christine Moss, "Iraq: Eastern Flank of the Arab World" The Brookings Institution 1984

42 Helms, Christine Moss, "Iraq: Eastern Flank of the Arab World" The Brookings Institution 1984

43 John McGarry, "Iraq's Constituion of 2005: Liberal consociation as political prescription" 5 (5): 2005

44 International Crisis Group, "Iraq and the Kurds; The Brewing Battle over Kirkuk" 2006

45 Wolff, Stefan, "Governing (in) Kirkuk: resolving the status of a disputed territory in post-American Iraq" The Royal Institute of International Affairs, Blackwell Publishing 2010

46 IOM, "Emergency Needs Assessment-Post February 2006 Displacement in Iraq, Biweekly Report" 2008

47 Anderson, Liam D., "Crisis in Kirkuk: The Ethnopolitics of Conflict and Compromise" University of Pennsylvania Press 2009

48 US Energy Information Administration, "Country Analysis Briefs-Iraq"

49 Kurdish Globe, "Census may be held in 2012" KRG homepage

50 Talabany, Nouri, "Arabization of the Kirkuk Region" Khak Press & Media Center 1995

51 Nouri Talabany, "Arabization of the Kirkuk Region" Khak Press & Media Center 1995

52 The Economist, "An ancient tragedy, How 25m Kurds pursue a goal that nobody else wants them to reach" 1999

53 McDowall, David, "A Modern History of the Kurds" I.B.Tauris 2004