남명 조식의 실천윤리- 상소를 중심으로- = Nammyeong Jo Sik`s Practical Ethics: Focussed on Memorials to the King

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the practical ethics in memorial to the king of Nammyeong[南冥] Jo Sik[曺植]. Nammyeong Jo Sik is a synonym with the seonbi spirit, and the greatest seonbi among other scholars in the Joseon dynasty. The original mean of Yu[儒] is to accept and to practice needs from the people of all nations. The first stage is cultivation of mind, the next is governing well. The two stages ultimately must meet. Nammyeong`s studies is enriched on both side. He try to cultivate the mind inside with Gyeong[敬], and to treat other people outside with Yui[義]. He persevered in one`s efforts to put his thoughts into practice in daily life. The 16th century, The age of Sahwa[士禍] is a massacre of scholars and he threw his office up without any regrets as the principle of his righteousness. He had the political and moral point of views as scholar in retirement. However, he is not indifferent to political landscape and the people in those days. He positively made an expression of political standpoint, took the way of the memorial to the King. He presents four memorials to the King. There are Eulmyo of the memorials to the King for the resignation[乙卯辭職疏], Jeongmyo of the memorial to the Seungjeongwon for the resignation[丁卯辭職呈承政院狀], Mujin of the hidden memorial to the King for the resignation[戊辰封事], the memorial to the King as a token of gratitude giving food[謝宜賜食物疏]. It is clearly discovered critical cognition into political affairs of those days, the thoughts loving the people, the viewpoint of severe criticism on power. His expression are causing a debate, but his memorials to the King is a touchstone to make us realize seonbi spirit is alive and well.