The purpose of this article is to compare Al-Gahzahli's concept with Averroes's concept of the eternity of Islamic God and to find the reasons why their concepts of eternity are so various. I try to show different concepts of Al-Gahzahli, Averroes.
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The purpose of this article is to compare Al-Gahzahli's concept with Averroes's concept of the eternity of Islamic God and to find the reasons why their concepts of eternity are so various. I try to show different concepts of Al-Gahzahli, Averroes.
For Al-Gahzahli, God's eternity implies that God is eternal and that the world is temporal. The concept of creatio ex nihilo in Islam presupposes the priority of God to creatures. God's volition to create the universe is apparent in creatio ex nihilo. Time is created with no time prior to it. God existed before the becoming of the world and then he existed also with the world. The God is almighty eternal Creator in Islam. Creation is the result of action by God's will. He illuminates the concept of creation by explaining the relation between Creator and creature. Omnipotence means that God can do whatever by his will. So Eternal God can be alive. One can use anthropological expressions concerning eternal God Creator. Al-Gahzahli tells that God can be both immanent and transcendent.
According to Al-Gahzahli God's eternity implies God's temporality and and timelessness. According to Averroes, the eternity of the world is the nature of the world. For Averroes God is not prior to the world nor with the world in time. God is not prior to the world, neither in time nor in causation. He says that there are two kinds of existence. One exists in the world, has motion and cannot be separated from time. Another is timeless and belongs only to God.
In Averroes, God is eternal in the sense that he is a pure actuality. According to Averroes Such a God cannot give the initial push to the world, and then cease to act. If the God ceases to act, the universe will enter into a state of chaos, or even vanish.
For Averroes creation is in a continuous process, pertaining to each and every occurrence that takes place in the universe, rather than in a single occurrence that brings the world into existence at once. The substance of the world is in motion as the world consists of potentialities that attain to their actuality not in the form of finished products, but in the form of continuous processes of pure motion. Creation is God's action and not God's will. There is necessarily a gap between God's volition and His action. Such a gap implies God's incompleteness.
Averroes rejects the presupposition of the existence of the One beyond the Mover of the universe not because he is a dogmatic Aristotelian. The reason lies in his belief that the eternity of the world and the primacy of its motion are two closely related notions.
I think that the concept of the eternity of Islamic God is closely with the concepts of transcendence and of immanence. Therefore I try to compare the concepts of transcendence with the concepts of immanence of God in three Islamic scholars, namely Al-Gahzahli, Averroes and Avicenna. Al-Gahzahli tells that God's immanence is compatible with His transcendence. Averroes's philosophy emphasizes the concept of transcendence in Islamic God. In his theory the concept of God's immanence cannot be found. I think that this may result from some ideas in Greek philosophy. Avicenna's philosophy emphasizes the concept of transcendence in Islamic God whereas the concept of God's immanence cannot be found in his theory.
Al-Gahzahli's God is described as omnipotent, omniscient and eternal being. The view of Avicenna is based on the assumption that the unchangeable, eternal, perfect being cannot relate with any changeable, temporal, imperfect being. I think that this may result from some ideas in Greek philosophy.
Al-Gahzahli thinks that God is not only unchangeable and eternal but also changeable and temporal. On the contrary, for Averroes, God is unchangeable and eternal, nor changeable and temporal. Averroes' conception is based on the assumption that unchangeable being can not be temporal being. For him the world must be eternal in order to be effect of the act of